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Suicide The Right to Die essays

Suicide The Right to Die essays The Right to Die, Physician-Assisted Suicide " I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect" The Hippocratic Oath Physician-Assisted suicide is one of the most controversial issues in our society today. During the 1990's, assisted suicide has become the subject of public debate and legislative action across the nation. Even the U.S Supreme Court has been involved in critical decisions involving the legalization of Physician-assisted suicide. These matters call into question the ethical standards and legal bases for all Doctors and Health Care Providers. The American Heritage Dictionary defines euthanasia as "the act of killing an individual for reasons considered to be merciful". Killing in this case is a physical action where one individual actively kills another. The word "euthanasia" comes from the Greek eu, "good" and thanatos, "death" or "good death". Doctor assisted-suicide can be considered auto-euthanasia. The Doctor provides the means for a patient to take their own life painlessly but does not actively or physically help that person die. Doctor assisted suicide is nothing new to society, dating back to the time Socrates 470-399 BC. With the interventions of Jack Kevorkian M.D., being played out in the media and in the courts, Doctor assisted suicide has become the focus of intense public and professional debate. Most of this attention is focused right here in Michigan because of Dr. Jack Kevorkian AKA, "Doctor Death". Doctor Kevorkian has assisted in over one hundred assisted suicides. There are many arguments for and against assisted suicide. Points for and against this practice encompass legal, ethical, religious and medical arguments. They are very complex and lengthy. Listed are just a few simplified issues from both sides of the debate. A person should have control over one's own body. This is a fundamental right, and individual...

Laws in the Employment Sector Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Laws in the Employment Sector - Research Paper Example The law sets a certain framework with which some industrial cases can be solved. Industrial researchers lament that the majority of employers were exploited by their rich and influential employers due to lack of appropriate laws to protect the employees. To date, there have been scenarios where multi-million companies are closed or charged for violating some employees’ rights. However, the laws are also meant to mean to protect the employer on any false allegations by the employee for compensations. The employment Act of the United States ensures that the employer would appreciate the health of his/her employees for increased productivity and national economy development. The government appreciates the fact that the nation can only be built by healthy citizens. The government is strict on expectant employees. The law compels the employer, either public or private sector to allocate a reasonable duration for the expectant employee to deliver then later return to work. The law f urther requires the male, whose wife is expecting a special leaf to accompany or comfort the wife during her maternity. The employee is entitled to full payment during the maternity and paternity leave. This law took time to be implemented more so in the private sector. The companies’ attorneys argued that the employee should be subjected to a half salary scheme during the leave. But the final verdict compelled the employer to offer full payment to both their male and female employees. Employees’ health must be insured by reputable insurance companies as per the contracts. This is to enable the employees and their family member’s access health care in any private or public hospitals depending on the insurance bonds. The law requires that all workers in a certain organization should have health insurance despite the role he/she plays in the organization (Jean, 2000). A few decades ago, only specialized professionals enjoyed health insurance. But the law intervene d and currently, all employees despite the experience or academic background are entitled to health insurance. The law also compels the employee to cater for the employee treatment bills in case of accidents and injuries within the working institution. This law has compelled several employers to ensure their employees work in a safe environment. Companies ensure there is enough light, air circulation and space to limit chances of accidents or injuries. The law requires that every employee should be subjected to clean and healthy environment to boost the employees’ productivity. Furthermore, employees in industrial or machinery environment should wear protective clothing like goggles, helmets, boots and overalls among others. This is to protect workers from minor injuries in their respective workplaces. There should working fire extinguishers in work places as a disaster preparedness response. Finally, the law requires the availability of fully equipped first aid kits to provi de first aid or primary treatment in case of emergencies in such workplaces. The law recognizes unions or cooperatives in the work places. This implies several employees in a certain organization or from different organizations with but with same interests forming defined groups of a certain number of individuals to run a specific saving scheme. The employees are entitled to some loans by the company and run their parallel business from that of the parent organization.

Marketing Norway Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Norway - Research Paper Example In Norway, the political system is structured in such a manner that it respects the freedom of expression of its citizens and the right of each citizen to enjoy civil liberty and human rights. Judicial, legislative, and executive setups of the country work in their own jurisdictions so that the authority of these three core elements of the state does not collide at any point in time. Norway’s government is considered as an important contributor towards global politics, and its suggestion and recommendations are a part of international charters pertaining to peace, consumer rights, civil laws, criminal enquiries and etc. (Ebsco, 2009). Norway is also an important ally of NATO and the reputation of the country in international peacekeeping missions is inevitable. Keeping the reputation of Norwegian government in the international and national politics, it can be asserted that the government structure of the country is reliable and not considered as being an economy friendly setu p which does not impose unnecessary legislation on the restriction of business activities in the country (Ebsco, 2011). A potential market for ARIO in Norway would be could be those areas, which have a high concentration of youth population and tourists. Basically, main shopping areas or centers in the main cities of Norway can be considered as its targeted areas. In these areas, higher population of youth would mean that ARIO’s outlet should be located near a university, college, dorm or a hostel. Moreover, theme parks and tourist destinations also receive a large number of youth tourists and travellers. Keeping this in view, the major cities of Norway where universities and other educational institutions are located are suitable for the company. These cities include Alesund, Bergen, Drammen, Oslo, Alta, Hamar, Levangar and Trondheim (DataMonitor, 2011). Oslo is the capital of Norway and the biggest tourist destination in the country. In addition, a majority of Norwegian

Christian and Islamic Narratives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christian and Islamic Narratives - Essay Example It is acknowledged that he has some understanding of his fate, and recognizes the significance and the necessity of his sacrifice. Evidenced in the Last Supper when Jesus explains, "One of you which eateth with me shall betray me" (Mark 14:18). In terms of the narrative this is most clearly seen in the episode of the passion where Christ is brought before Pontius Pilate. Pilate gives him multiple opportunities to exonerate himself, while the high priests of the Sanhedrin hurl accusations, "And Pilate asked him again, saying, Answerest thou nothing behold how many things they witness against thee" (Mark 15:4). To which Jesus does not respond, prompting Pilate to marvel. When Pilate claims to have to the power to release or crucify Pilate, Jesus responds, "Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin" (John 19:11). Recognizing that his fate does not lie in the hands of mortals, Jesus i s cognizant to some degree of the greater plan in store for humanity. This understanding is by no means unequivocal or univocal throughout the Gospels, or even within the Gospels themselves. On the cross, Jesus is said to have said seven things including, "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani" that is, "My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me" The theological explanation here is varied, suggesting that there is something of the human Jesus struggling to bear the sum of the punishment of all the sins in the world offered by Hell. After passing the temple shakes, the curtain is rent, and the dead rise, confirming the status of Jesus as the Christ, according to the various narratives. The Islamic account is radically different. Many of the starkest differences originate from the markedly different stylistic and structural modes of presentation between the Quran and the Bible. The Gospels like most of the Bible is a prose narrative, offering a dialogic mode of presentation, that is, multiple voices interacting in a linear narrative. The Quran is mostly written in what most closely resembles poetic verse, and its style is epigrammatic and monologic, or conversely, one voice describing events and the words of others. Thus many of the character descriptions and narrative details that the Gospel includes are noticeably absent in the Quran in the depiction of the death of Jesus. Also, important is the fundamental theological difference as regards the ontology of Jesus, i.e. in Islam, Jesus or Isa as he called in Quran, is a fully human figure. Theologically is this an essential feature of Islam, as it asserted throughout the Quran and the corresponding Hadith, that God is a unique and singular figure, who has no associates or comparisons. This notion of the unity of God stands as a fundamental pillar of Islam. Moreover, any pretention to question or equivocate on this matter is a grave sin, known as shirk. Thus Jesus must be son of Mary via virginal conception, "And (remember) her who guarded her chastity: We breathed into her of Our spirit, and We made her and her son a sign for all peoples" (Quran 21:19). The Quran does not deny he is Messiah, nor does it deny that at the end times that he will return to do battle with evil in a remarkably similar eschatology to

Application of the marketing mix

Application of the marketing mix INTRODUCTION The marketing mix is among the most widely accepted marketing concepts in the world of business (McCarthy 1960; Bartels 1983; Shapiro 1985). However, over the years the marketing mix has come under intense scrutiny from both academics of the marketing discipline and practitioners alike. This feeling was captured by Constantinides when he stated: Few topics of the commercial theory have so intensively inspired as well as divided the marketing academia as the 4Ps Marketing Mix framework (Constantinides, 2006: p.407) This essay aims to critically assess the relevance of the marketing mix for the current marketing approaches. To accomplish this, an overview of the marketing mix is given. This is followed by an exploration of some of the contemporary approaches to marketing which will lead to a consideration of the arguments in support of the marketing mix and the criticisms against it. Finally, in the light of the arguments and criticisms the relevance of the marketing mix for contemporary approaches to marketing will be appraised. OVERVIEW OF THE MARKETING MIX The marketing mix can be defined as the controllable and tactical marketing tools that the firm combines to achieve the desired response in its target market. It comprises all the measures the firm can employ to stimulate the demand for its goods and/or services (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). The ultimate goal of any firm is to create a product or service that will be perceived as unique in the eyes of prospective consumers so that they will prefer it to other competing brands. In creating this unique selling proposition (USP), the marketers can blend four basic ingredients in a number of different ways to obtain different results. These four ingredients are usually referred to as the 4Ps and comprise- product, price, place (distribution) and promotion (Baker, 2007). Costantinides (2006) and Gronroos (1994) trace the origin of the marketing mix to the 1960s when Neil Borden identified twelve controllable marketing components that would yield profit if properly managed. Borden considered the marketing mix to be a concise, realistic and vivid expression of the admixture of the marketing ingredients, techniques and processes chosen by a marketing manager to create a marketing plan (Banting and Ross, 1973; Waterschoot and Van den Bulte, 1992). It was later reduced to four factors by Jerome McCarthy (McCarthy, 1964 cited in Constantinides, 2006) and this simplified version became the most widely accepted definition of the marketing mix (Judd, 2002). The 4Ps marketing mix commanded utmost respect in the minds of both marketing scholars and practitioners for decades that in the words of Gronroos (1994) and Kent (1986) it was considered heresy to challenge its position as the basic foundation of all marketing thinking. This belief strongly reinforces the dominance of the marketing mix during this period and suggests that there was a need for a theory that could be applied for the solution of most marketing management issues. According to Harker and Egan (2006) certain economic conditions contributed to the perceived superiority of the marketing mix paradigm. Harker and Egan (2006) opine that a key feature of the United States domestic market after the Second World War was homogeneity of products which resulted in increased demand for standardised consumer products and the rise of the USA as the dominant marketing culture. The demand, notwithstanding, there was need to ensure that consumption matched output (Packard, 1957 cited in Harker and Egan, 2006). Thus, a formal and reliable marketing approach was required to provide this fit (OMalley and Patterson, 1998). The popularity and dominance of the marketing mix paradigm was further enhanced by its simplicity and ease of communication (Waterschoot and Van den Bulte 1992; Constantinides, 2006; Harker and Egan, 2006). From the above submission, it can be argued that the marketing mix paradigm was borne out of necessity- a necessity for a simple, realistic and reliable framework that could be applied for the solution of general and specific marketing problems that arose in that era. Considering the under-developed marketing structure and knowledge gap that existed at that time, the formulation of the 4Ps marketing mix paradigm could not have come at a better time. Thus, it goes without saying that the relevance of its application to the transactional marketing approach- the primary approach to marketing in the 20th century-is indubitable. However, due to the shortcomings of the transactional approach to marketing, there was the need for a paradigm shift from a product-oriented approach to one that focused on the customer. Thus, the academia and marketing practitioners began to question the efficacy of the marketing mix framework as the answer to all marketing problems. The 4Ps were considered too narrow to adequately address the many aspects of marketing management and laid excessive emphasis on the product and processes with little or no thought for the customer. The increased sophistication of customers and the dynamic nature of the business environment meant that organisations had to adapt regularly to the changes that occur in the environment or risk losing market share with the consequence of possible liquidation. This situation led to the emergence of several modern marketing approaches that shifted attention from the product to the customer thereby ushering in the era of market orientation. Some of the contemporary approaches to marketing that emerged as a response to the continuous evolution of the business environment include Relationship marketing, Interaction marketing and Network marketing (Constantinides, 2006; Coviello et al, 1997; Gronroos, 1997). These modern approaches demanded a re-thinking of the marketing process in order to achieve effective and efficient implementation. Based on this need for a re-definition of the marketing process, it was inevitable that the marketing mix paradigm would come up for debate with regards to the relevance of its application to the aforementioned marketing approaches. Relationship marketing involves the development and maintenance of mutually satisfying exchange relations with customers and other parties at a profit, so that the objectives of all the parties are realised (Gronroos, 1994; Baker, 2007, Coviello et al, 1997). The implication of this viewpoint is that every organisation must cooperate with other parties within its business environment and beyond in order to achieve its ultimate aim. The 21st century market is replete with opportunities and challenges that were relatively unknown in the 20th century. To harness the opportunities and overcome the challenges effectively and efficiently entails building up a long-term relationship with the customers and all other stakeholders that directly or indirectly influence an organisations operations. This situation suggests that certain changes would have to occur in the organisations overall business processes, especially the marketing processes, to ensure a seamless implementation of relationshi p marketing. Gronroos (1994), Gummesson (1994, 1997) and Goldsmith (1999) argue that firms practising a transactional marketing approach stand to benefit most from a traditional marketing mix approach because of the absence of personal interactions with their customers and emphasis on mass markets. However, the marketing mix tends to be restrictive for a relation-oriented firm. The most significant customer interactions from a marketing success perspective are outside the scope of the marketing mix and marketing specialists. The customer decides whether to maintain business relations with a firm based on the effect of his/her contacts with the people, technology, and operations and other non-marketing functions. This position is supported by Ailawadi et al (2001) who doubt the impact of promotion and advertising as marketing tools for customer retention. This proposition suggests that the customers interactions with any firm transcends the marketing functions and includes all indirect transaction s with the non-marketing functions within the firm. Relationship marketing advocates the inclusion of all the functional units in any organisation towards creating value for the customer. The effective and efficient implementation of this customer-oriented approach requires that certain critical changes occur within the organisation. These requisite changes will cut across the whole organisation, but will focus more on the marketing functions because of the direct and frequent interactions with the customers. The change in the marketing functions will lead to a complete shift or modifications in the methods tools adopted by the organisation in creating value for the customer. This, invariably, would necessitate a review of the organisations marketing mix. Such reviews have surfaced in Kotlers redefinition of the 4Ps to the 4Cs namely, customer solution, customer cost, convenience and communication (Kotler et al., 1999 cited in Kruger et al., 2003 and Ashcroft and Hoey 1999). This re definition suggests a shift from the era of product-orientation to customer-orientation which is the essence of relationship marketing. However, it also suggests that the marketing mix is still relevant but there is need for some modification to suit the dynamic marketing environment. Judd (2002) proposes an expansion of the 4Ps marketing mix by including the employees of any organisation as the fifth P. This viewpoint is supported by the fact that the employees are an integral part of any organisation. They are the point of contact between the organisation and its customers. However, like Kotlers 4Cs, this proposed expansion of the 4Ps to 5Ps also points to the relevance of the marketing mix, but with some modification to suit appropriate markets. This argument is supported by Groonroos (1994) when he opines that relationships do not operate in isolation. Relationships function in combination with the other marketing tools already in operation within a given organisation in order t o successfully create value for both the customer and the organisation. The application of the traditional marketing mix elements of product, price, promotion and place would be necessary at some point in the interactions between the customer and the organisation. This standpoint implies that, notwithstanding the criticisms of the traditional marketing mix paradigm, its elements still contribute in one way or the other in the effective implementation of the relationship marketing approach. Criticism of the marketing mix has also arisen in the area of social marketing. Murphy et al., (1978) argue that the implementation of certain marketing strategies is unethical especially in the area of packaging, promotion, price and distribution channels. This argument tends to suggest that the marketing mix is responsible for the unethical practices that may occur during implementation. However, responsibility for the implementation of the marketing mix is within the purview of the marketing and non-marketing functional units within the organisation. They are responsible for any unethical practices that may occur in the course of implementing the marketing strategies and not the marketing mix. Also, the marketing mix has been applied by social marketing in the public health sector. Montoya et al, (2005), Pirani and Reizes (2005) and Grier and Bryant (2005) agree that the application of the marketing mix is essential in the role of social marketing in public health. The elements are combined in different ways to bring about the desired change in the target market. Attempts have been made to incorporate the marketing mix theory into other non-marketing sectors. Lees-Marshment (2001) suggests that political parties have adopted a marketing-orientation with significant electoral success. Lloyd (2003) suggests the application of the marketing mix to the political arena by recommending the development of a political marketing mix that comprises five components namely, services offering, representation, accommodation, investment and outcome. The implication of the aforementioned suggestions is that the marketing mix can contribute enormously to the smooth operation of political parties in particular, and the government in general. CONCLUSION Though the marketing mix has been criticised as being too narrow and product-oriented, it is still relevant in contemporary marketing approaches. As has been discussed above, there is need for some modifications in the mix portfolio. Redefinition of the marketing mix does not reduce its relevance; it only serves to shift its focus to the modern trends in the market place. Also, the relevance of the marketing mix is reinforced by its application to non-marketing sectors such as politics and the public health sector. This shift suggests that with the right modifications, the marketing mix can be applied in any area of human endeavour. REFERENCES Ailawadi, K. L., Lehmann, D.R. and Neslin, S.A. (2001), Market response to a major policy change in the marketing mix: learning from Procter Gambles value pricing strategy. Journal of Marketing, Vol.65, No.1, pp.44-61. Ashcroft, L. and Hoey, C. (2001), PR, marketing and the Internet: implications for information professionals. Library Management, Vol.22, No. 1/2, pp.68-74. Banting, P.M. and Ross, E.M. (1973), The marketing mix: a Canadian perspective. Journal of Marketing Science, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-11. Bartels, R. (1983), The development of marketing thought. Ohio: Grid Publishing. Constantinides, E. (2006), The marketing mix revisited: towards the 21st century marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.22, pp.407-438. Coviello, N.E., Brodie, R.J. and Munro, H.J. (1997), Understanding contemporary marketing: development of a classification scheme. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.13, No.6, pp.501-522. Goldsmith, R. (1999), The personalised marketplace: beyond the 4Ps. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, pp.178-185. Grier, S. and Bryant C.A. (2005), Social marketing in public health. Annual Review Public Health, Vol.26, pp.319-339. Gronroos, C. (1994). From marketing mix to relationship marketing: towards a paradigm shift in marketing. Management Decision, Vol.32, N0.2, pp.4-20. Gronroos, C. (1997). From marketing mix to relationship marketing: towards a paradigm shift in marketing. Management Decision, Vol.35, No.4, pp.322-339. Gummesson, E. (1994). Making relationship marketing operational. International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol.5, No.5, pp.5-20. Gummesson, J. (1997). Relationship marketing as a paradigm shift: some conclusions from the 30R approach. Management Decision, Vol.35, No.4, pp.267-272. Harker, M. and Egan J. (2006), The past, present and future of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.22, pp.215-242. Judd, V. (2002). Achieving a customer orientation using people-power, the 5th P. European Journal of Marketing, Vol.37, No. 10, pp.1301-1313. Kent, R.A. (1986). Faith in the 4Ps: an alternative. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.2, No.2, pp.145-154. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Saunders, J. and Wong V. (1999), Principles of marketing. London: Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. and Armstrong G. (2008), Principles of marketing. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kruger, C.C., Lu, N. and Swatman, P.M.C. (2003), Success factors for online music marketing- e-transformation: from the four Ps to the four Cs, pp. 1-16. Lees-Marshment, J. (2001), The marriage of politics and marketing. political studies, Vol.49, 692-713. Lloyd, J. (2003), Square peg, round hole? Can marketing-based concepts such as the product and the marketing mix have a useful role in the political arena?. pp. 1-24. McCarthy, E. (1960), Basic marketing: A managerial approach. Illinois: Irwin. Montoya, J. A., Kent, C. K., Rotblatt, H., Mccright, J., Kerndt, P. R., and Klausner, J. D. (2005), Social marketing campaign significantly associated with increases in syphilis testing among gay and bisexual men in San Francisco. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Vol.32, No.7, pp.395-399. Murphy, P. E., Laczniak, G. R. and Lusch, R. F. (1978). Ethical guidelines for business and social marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, Vol.6, No.3, pp.195-205. O Malley, L. and Patterson, M. (1998). Vanishing point: the mix management paradigm re-viewed. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.14, pp.829-851. Pirani, S. and Reizes, T. (2005). The turning point social marketing national excellence collaboration: integrating social marketing into routine public health practice. Journal of Public Health Management, Vol.11, No.2, pp.131-138. Shapiro, B. (1985). Rejuvenating the marketing mix. Havard Business Review, pp. 28-34. Van Waterschoot, W. and Van den Bulte, C. (1992). The 4P classification of the marketing mix revisited. Journal of Marketing, Vol.56, No.4, pp.83-93.

Representation in TV Essay -- essays papers

Representation in TV Youth in Television have been portrayed in many different lights, anywhere from the criminal to the young at heart. With their resistance to the dominant culture, many studies have been done concerning the meaning of the political challenges to the social formation involving investigating cultural objects and media artifacts. Historically young people have fallen into distinct but dependent categories: youth-as-fun and youth-as-trouble. One might ask why any of this is pertinent to the study of television. However in the 1950's consumer boom, youth-as-fun became a major advertising strategy. Once advertisers identified teenagers as a valuable consumer, more and more positive images of youth became evident on TV. Photography of youth has been historically produced out of ideological interests, constructed by new markets in an attempt to gain financial resources young people had gained access to. Even still today it is amazing to view how television views and portrays youth f or the benefit of making a sale. Youth-as-trouble have been seen in most aspects of the factual media such as the nightly news. These shows have the major impact of building images, which in turn are taken as examples of how young working- class people generally behave. This leads to an ideological regime of images, which serve to naturalize the media construction of youth-as-trouble (51)." Images of youth-as-trouble are not only limited to news media, but can be seen...

Analysis of “1954” by Sharon Olds Essay

â€Å"1954† by Sharon Olds is a poem displaying the horrors of an instance of rape and murder of a young girl by a man named Burton Abbott in 1954. Olds uses a frantic and horrified tone highlighted by a careful choice of diction to express her messages that any ordinary-looking person can disguise evil and the current justice system has a hypocritical eye-for-an-eye mindset that only ends up destroying human life. The structure of â€Å"1954† is built on enjambment and broken sentences. This helps the reader understand fear the speaker feels, as if words are simply pouring out, developing the frantic and horrified tone of the poem. This fear builds as the speaker begins to make connections between the victim and herself. The author uses clear imagery in phrases like â€Å"†¦I feared the word eczema, like my acne and like the X in the paper which marked her body†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to help make these connections. The speaker relates the victim’s eczema with her own acne, and recognizes how an innocent, little girl has been reduced to nothing but an X that marked where her lifeless body was left. Now that the speaker can relate to the victim in a clear way, she begins to realize how ordinary the murderer was. The author uses simple, ordinary diction to describe him. Phrases like â€Å"as if he were not someone specific,† â€Å"his face was dull and ordinary,† and â€Å"he looked almost humble† are examples of the author’s use of ordinary diction that make the killer seem normal. The speaker then says the killer went against â€Å"what I’d thought I could count on about evil.† This helps support the message that evil can be disguised in anyone because by making the murderer seem ordinary, the author forces the speaker and the reader to begin to question the people around them. A definite shift occurs in line 22 of the poem. The author shifts from using the word â€Å"fear† to the word â€Å"pity† when referring to the crime, and begins to use â€Å"fear† to describe how the speaker feels towards consequences the murderer, Burton Abbott must face. The speaker realizes that â€Å"the good people, the parents† were going to fry Mr. Abbott on the electric chair for his crime. The author deliberately used the word fry to express that the parents of the victim did not just believe that Abbott should receive capital punishment, but they wanted him to suffer; they wanted to watch him  writhe in pain for what he did to their daughter. As a result, the speaker begins to fear electricity, and her mother’s electric blanket. The author uses this and other carefully chosen phrases like â€Å"death to the person, death to the home planet† to demonstrate the hypocrisy that exists in the justice system’s eye-for-an-eye men tality when it comes to capital punishment. When someone commits a murder, they are sentenced to death, simply resulting in further loss of human life. People who see these crimes in the news not only fear the murderer; they fear the brutal punishment just as much, demonstrated by the speaker’s new fear of electricity. The author uses carefully chosen diction and tone to communicate two completely different messages to the reader. Both of these messages come together at the end of the poem to pose a single, lingering question to the reader: Who should we fear more? The murderer, or our own justice system?

Enzymes1 essays

Enzymes1 essays An enzyme is a catalyst, which is a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called its substrate. While the enzyme is bound to the substrate, the catalytic action converts the substrate to the product. Because of its shape, each enzyme catalyzes a specific reaction (molecular recognition). Only a certain region of the enzyme molecule actually binds to the substrate. This area is called the active site and is usually a groove on the surface of the enzyme. The shape of the active site and the shape of the substrate fits accordantly. When the substrate enters the active site, it induces the enzyme -in a process called induced fit- to change its shape to fit tightly around the substrate. The induced fit is very important during the catalytic cycle when the substrate enters the active site to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzymes emerge from the reaction, however, in their original f orm and are ready to function over and over again. When a reaction rearranges the atoms of molecules, the bonds in the reactants must be broken and the new bonds in the products must be formed. This requires energy. The energy required to break the bonds in the reactant molecules is known as the activation energy. The bonds only break when the molecule has absorbed enough energy (usually in the form of heat) to become unstable. Heat speeds up a reaction, but the high temperature kills cells; therefore, organisms must instead use a catalyst. Enzymes (mostly proteins) are biological catalysts. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the barrier of activation energy, so that the transition state is within reach at regular temperatures. A transition state occurs when reactants are in an unstable condition and are ready for the reaction to take place. An enzyme cannot changes the free energy of the reaction or the spontantinuity of the reaction. It can ...

The Life Of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Religion Essays

The Life Of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Religion Essays The Life Of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Religion Essay The Life Of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Religion Essay The boy of a Reformed chaplain, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher received his instruction at establishments of the pietistic Moravian Brethren in the towns of Niesky and Barby. In 1787, his male parent granted him permission to go on his surveies at the University of Halle, where he devoted himself non merely to theology, but besides to Greek doctrine and to his coevalss, Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi and Immanuel Kant. After his graduation in 1790, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher served as a coach to a baronial household in East Prussia for three old ages, where he besides served as a sermonizer. During this clip he worked on three essays in moralss, all of which remained unpublished: ber hyraxs hchste Gut ( On the highest good, 1789 ) , with this summum bonum being the overall intent of adult male and the existence ; ber den Wert des Lebens ( On What Gives Value to Life, 1792/3 ) , a defence of ethical diverseness ; and ber die Freiheit ( On Freedom, 1790-3 ) , a contemplation on the relation between freedom and morality. In 1794, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher completed his 2nd scrutinies. After a stay in Landsberg he became a curate at the i?Chariti? , i? a infirmary in Berlin. There he met several members of the Romantic motion, among them the Schlegel brothers. Lending several essays to their diary Athenaeum, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher besides shared a level with Caspar David Friedrich. During this clip, he expounded upon Plato, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, and Baruch Spinoza. On the latter he wrote two outstanding essays, Spinozismus and Kurze Darstellung des Spinozistischen Systems ( Brief Presentation of the Spinozistic System ) . Possibly his most influential book on the doctrine of faith was Reden i?ber dice Religion ( On Religion: Addresss to its Cultured Despisers, 1799 ) , which gained him noteworthy prominence. Concentrating on the perennial nature of faith, he attempts to contrast the common impression of a decay of faith: i? I do non chime in with the call for aid of most of them refering the death of faith, for I would non cognize what other age may hold accommodated it better than the present.i? By this he besides sought to accommodate the Romantics with faith, emphasizing that the latter is a i?feeling of the universei? and i?a sense and gustatory sensation for the Infinite.i? Belief, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher provinces, i?must be something different from a mixture of sentiments about God and the universe, and of principles for one life or for two. Piety can non be an replete craving for a muss of metaphysical and ethical crumbs.i? He strongly advocates for a separation between Church an d State and, though at the same clip deploying a stiff hierarchy of the different faiths, for spiritual tolerance. The book consists of five addresss. The first, Apology, represents another effort to support faith against the onslaughts of the advocates of the Enlightenment. On the Essence of Religion, on the other manus, claims that faith can non be the object of cognition. In the 3rd address, On Self-formation for Religion, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher affirms that faith is a portion of the material universe. On the Social Element in Religion ; or on Church and Priesthood he proposes a new, societal construct of the Church. And, in conclusion, in On the Religions, he stresses the human necessity of a higher go-between who communicates the messages of God. In the same twelvemonth, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher besides published several other plants: Briefe bei Gelegenheit der politisch- theologischen Aufgabe und diethylstilbestrols Sendschreibens ji?discher Hausvi?ter ( Letters on the Juncture of the Political-Theological Task and the Open Letter of Jewish Householders ) , in which he demanded civic rights for Jews. In an essay entitled, Versuch einer Theorie des geselligen Betragens ( Toward a Theory of Sociable Conduct ) , he focuses i?simplyi? on conversation. In 1798/99 he produces a really rough reappraisal of Immanuel Kanti?s Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht, which he dismisses as mere i?Kantologiei? and therefore irrelevant. In Monologen: eine Neujahrsgabe ( Soliloquies, 1800 ) , Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher focuses once more on moralss sing human individualism as a symbol of the space. Another related work is Grundlinien einer Kritik der bisherigen Sittenlehre ( Outlines of a Critique of Previous Ethical Theory Morality to day of the month, 1803 ) . Once more a review of Immanuel Kant ( but besides of Johann Gottlieb Fichte ) , Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher criticizes all old ethical theories and systems and, following Baruch Spinoza, affirms that a moral system can be obtained merely through an across-the-board rule: i?For when it is the good that is under consideration, and the ethical object is prevailing, truth must be considered more in mention to art than scientific discipline, if, that is, integrity is to be preserved in the work generallyi? , he writes in the i?Introductions to the Dialogues of Plato.i? In 1802, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher served as curate in Stolp ( Pomerania ) , but merely for one twelvemonth. He went back to Halle, where he, following to his responsibilities as sermonizer, was appointed professor of theology.There he finished his most popular work, Die Weihnachtsfeier: Ein Gespri?ch ( Christmas Eve: A Dialogue on the Celebration of Christmas, 1806 ) , in which he elaborates on the significance of this banquet. After Napoleoni?s invasion in 1807, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher returned to Berlin and was finally awarded the theological chair at the new Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, a station that he held until his decease. Having become a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1811, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher spent the following old ages talking and prophesying. At that clip he was besides a strong advocator of a brotherhood between the two Protestant Churches. Besides in the same twelvemonth, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher published his Kurze Darstellung des theologischen Studiums ( Brief Outline of the Study of Theology ) , where he distinguishes between three theological subjects, viz. philosophical divinity, historical divinity, and practical divinity. Between 1821 and 1822, he finished his of import work Der christliche Glaube, nach den Grundsi?tzen der evangelischen Kirche im Zusammenhange dargestellt ( The Christian Faith ) , a instead Orthodox reading of Christian rules, with which he attempts to happen a new construct of faith and, therewith, reform Protestantism towards diverseness. Defining dogmatic divinity as i?the scientific discipline which systematizes the philosophy prevalent in a Christian Church at a given clip, i? Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher conceives i?the kernel of religioni? chiefly as i?the feeling of an absolute dependencei? on God. Religion, seen as such, is therefore first and foremost an intuition, non a morality. Schleiermacheri?s most profound part to doctrine, as is frequently stated, was his talks on hermeneutics. The undertaking of hermeneutics, he argues, is to demo the purpose of the writer and therefore uncover the i?true meaningi? of a text. Harmonizing to Schleiermacher, there needs to be two signifiers of reading: a lingual reading and a psychological reading. Whereas the former trades with common characteristics of linguistic communication, the latter remainders upon the individualism of the writer. In add-on, he distinguishes between two methods for reading, a comparative one, tied to the lingual signifier, and a divinatory, related to the psychological signifier of reading. In the class of his chair in Berlin, he often lectured on dialectics, but failed in the effort to develop a distinguished theoretical attack to it. However, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher rejected Manichaean rules, such as the division between an rational kingdom and an organic 1. For him, everything is a consequence of both kingdoms, and this applies to the long-standing dichotomy between the organic structure and psyche every bit good. Frequently named the laminitis of modern Protestant divinity, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher attempted to intercede between the Enlightenment ( and, earlier Romanticism ) and Protestantism. Despite crisp unfavorable judgment from neo-orthodox theologists, his work had a great impact on theological discourse up until the early 20th century. Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher died of pneumonia in 1834 ; his Si?mmtliche Werke ( Collected Works ) were published posthumously, between 1835 and 1856, in three parts: Zur Theologie ( Theology, 11 Volumes ) , Predigten ( Sermons, 10 Volumes ) , and Zur Philosophie ( Philosophy, 9 Volumes ) .

Blow Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blow - Term Paper Example This essay explores the plot of the film which has all the ingredients typical of underworld films – violence, sex, suspense, sudden twists of fortunes, etc. Johnny Depp plays the young George Jung, who begins life in Weymouh Massachusetts. His childhood is chaotic due to the financial difficulty and eventual bankruptcy of his father Fred (played by Ray Liotta) by the time George was barely ten. But young George endures through this chaos and grows into a confident young man. The action heats up as George and his accomplices in crime Tuna (played by Ethan Suplee), Barbara (played by Franka Potente) and Derek Foreal (played by Paul Reubens) hatch up a plan to exploit the lucrative-yet-unexplored pot market in Boston. From here on the intrigue heightens as George is always sought after by law enforcement authorities. The initial success of his drug trading venture encourages George to expand the scale and breadth of his operations. This takes him on many dangerous yet cinematica lly interesting adventures to Mexico and other destinations. These journeys link up his identity to the Medellin cartel and other prominent figures of Central American drug trade. While his illegal activities are shooting off this trajectory, his personal life shows a contrast. For someone who is so cut-throat and matter-of-fact in his business dealings, George is actually a touchy and sentimental person. This is particularly true with respect to his relationship with this father, mother and wife. The appeal of this biopic largely emerges from this contrasting juxtaposition of George Jung’s two-faceted personality. ... This is particularly true with respect to his relationship with this father, mother and wife. The appeal of this biopic largely emerges from this contrasting juxtaposition of George Jung’s two-faceted personality. Coming now to aspects of film language, the film can be classified as underworld biopic, with its regular stylistic elements put in place. There are clear resemblances to such mafia-based movies as Goodfellas and Boogie Nights. There is even an odd tinge of The Godfather. The swift and succinct camerawork by Ellen Kuras complements this genre very well. There is also a sense of rhythm witnessed in both the narrative and cinematography, as scenes move from action to suspense to sentimental. The Mise En Scene throughout the film is handled in such a deft manner that it reflects the genre. For example, the high-risk world of illegal drug trade is depicted with its usual accompaniments of back-streets, late nights and poor neighborhoods. Even in the first scene that intr oduces George, the room he enters is shown with minimal furnishing and decor, with only the meat freezer curtains visible in the background. Here, cinematography substitutes for dialogue in conveying to the audience the shady, risky existence of the character in the frame. The employment of documentary style narration at select places makes those scenes look more credible. The use of hard lighting is another key feature of several scenes in the film. In terms of technique, hard lighting is produced by a small light source stationed quite close to the subject and creates long/deep shadows revealing surface imperfections of actors and other objects in the set. Aesthetics is not the emphasis under the hard lighting technique, and

Summarize the arguements for and against plea bargaining Essay

Summarize the arguements for and against plea bargaining - Essay Example In this type of bargaining, the defendant pleads guilty to get fewer counts on the offense they are charged with. The bargaining processes are usually voluntary and it does not always result to an outcome that is desired by both parties. The plea bargaining practice is widely supported by the American judicial system due its importance in terms of saving costs incurred during trails alongside its many benefits on the court system. The plea bargaining practice benefits many stakeholders in the courtroom. First, it assists the prosecutor in disposing off a busy and complex caseload. Many prosecutors have limited resources within their access. It is therefore very hard to prosecute all the cases that come before them. Due to this fact, these prosecutors may decide to push forward the cases that have public elements through the rigorous court procedure while going for plea-bargaining on the ones that do not look very promising and do not have much public significance. The defense attorney also benefit from the plea-bargaining. Most of these defense attorneys are public attorneys who offer their services to defendants of criminal cases. They also face resources constraints such as the ones prosecutors face. This implies that plea-bargaining benefits this type of attorneys by facilitating quick disposal of cases. The outcome of this process is more payment by the defense for less work done by the defense attorneys. The plea-bargaining process benefits the defendant more than it does to both the prosecutor and the defense attorney. This is because it results to the defendant getting a lesser charge as compared to the one that they could get. The plea-bargaining processes also benefits the court since it saves its resources. The reviewing of plea bargaining is simpler and easier as compared to the full trial of a case. There are several problems associated with plea bargaining process. First, the prosecutor will always start the bargaining process on