Nursing as Defined by Nightingale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing as Defined by Nightingale - Essay Example Women during my time could not go outright and do what they want. Their role is to marry and manage the household. Sidney Herbert, a man close to my heart, knew of my desire to do something more than just be a wife. He respected my choice and has been my friend ever since. For choosing a different path, I have been called an activist. And, because of this choice I had to live most of my life away from my family. My mother was very vocal that she was against what I was doing. Despite this, I persisted. My commitment to the task was growing as I worked everyday to help people to get well. But commitment and will without preparing oneself for the task would amount to nothing. This is the reason why I used the donations I obtained from the war survivors, soldiers and their families, to open the world’s first school for nurses: The Nightingale School for Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London (Morgan, 1992). It was also at this time that my â€Å"Notes on Nursing† was published. It became popular as a compilation of rules on practical nursing and hygiene (Harmelick, 1969). For me, these notes were not rules, but: â€Å"The following notes are by no means intended as a rule of thought by which nurses can teach themselves to nurse, still less as a manual to teach nurses to nurse. They are meant simply to give hints for thought to women who have personal charge of the health of others.† (Nightingale, 1860) â€Å"It ought to signify the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and administration of diet—all at the least expense of vital power to the patient† (Nightingale, 1860) Basically, the issues that I wanted to answer in this book dealt with: â€Å"the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and administration of diet† (Nightingale, 1860). According to Mr. Selanders these can be combined to form three central

Adolf Hitler Essay Example for Free

Adolf Hitler Essay Adolf Hitler was a notorious dictator over Germany during World War II. Hitler was a unique but complex individual that was heavenly influenced by his upbringing. Hitler became the dictator over Germany during the years of 1933 to 1945. During his dictatorship, Hitler participated in the World War II and was the cause of the Holocaust. The Great Depression provided Hitler with an opportunity to rule. Once Hitler realized the opportunity to overtake Germany, he began to run for fuhrer. Hitler was elected fuherer over Germany in 1933 and began the rise of the Nazi party. When the year of 1935 came around, Hitler had complete power. He started by beginning the Nazi army and separating the Jews from everyone else. The Jews were sent to very brutal concentration camps where they were held hostage and faced with death. At this time the genocide was in full attack. The mass murder of the Holocaust lasted for approximately four brutal years and ended when the American troops invaded Germany and over powered Hitler. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau, Austria, a small town across the Inn river from Germany. (Hoffmanl). Hitler moved to Germany in 1893 and remained there until his death. As Hitler grew up he began to have many feuds within his household. Hitler mainly argued with his father, Alois Hitler. His father did not agree with his interest in art and German nationalism. His interest fueled his evil ways. During Hitlers earlier years as a child his younger brother, Edmund Hitler died. When Edmund died, the family had a falling out and resulted in many problems throughout the family. When Hitler grew up, he moved out of the house and had major money problems. When World War II broke out, Hitler Joined the army and was present in multiple battles. Adolf Hitler pointed out the Jews out of everyone in Germany. Hitler was very active in the German army and participated in World War l. World War I

Essay --

Professional Women and Work Related-Stress There are different kinds of diseases in the world. One type of disease does not require medicine because there is no cure for it. As a matter of fact, millions of Americans have this disease and are not aware of it. It is a silent killer; it is called stress. According to The American Heritage Dictionary, stress is defined as the ‘internal distribution of force per unit of area within a body subject to an applied force or system or forces. It is a condition that is described as extreme difficulty, pressure or strain.’Generally speaking, another source titled â€Å"Leaders’ Daily Work Demands, Recovery, and Leadership Behaviors†defines stress this way: ‘a relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well-being.’ Stress is everywhere and there are many types of stress including work stress and work demands. This is an understanding of w hat stress is, the cause of stress and how it can be managed. Some professional women have a lot of work related-stress on their jobs. To start off, I would like to share some facts about stress. The American Institute of Stress states the idea of that Stress was introduced around 1936 by Hans Selye. He had conducted experiments on animals to determine how stress affected them. The results were that stress causes these animals to develop diseases such as heart attacks, stroke and kidney disease. However, there has been confusion about stress because of the correct definition of it. Despite the way people look at stress, it is defined as a physical, mental, and emotional strain and is a condition when a person has experience demands that exceed the per... ...e are some different types of stressors in our jobs such as co-workers and job demands. The co-worker concept could also play a part of their lives because we are living in a world with different personalities. There are some co-workers who are nice, while some are not so nice. What I learn about that is to understand that you are not the problem. Another words, your co-worker could be experiencing some difficult times in his/her life and they don’t know how to deal with them other then make the ones closet to them have a bad time at work. My thinking is this: the best thing to deal with it is to talk to a co-worker along with the boss to take care of that situation. Another thing is choices: which is what can cause stress. It’s safe to say that we choose occupations that we have no interest in. Therefore, we can be responsible for causing stress in our lives.

The Development of New Testament Canon

Describe the development of New Testament Canon in period of time studied (35 marks) The New Testament Canon is described by Princeton Online Dictionary as, â€Å"a collection of books accepted as Holy Scripture – the books of the Bible recognized by any Christian church as genuine and inspired. † Basically the Canon is a selection of books used by the Church for public worship and also the books which the Church acknowledge as inspired scripture normative for faith and practice.The term (the Greek ‘kanon’ means ‘reed’, which went on to mean ‘measuring rod’ and then finally the list written in the column) was coined by Christians, but the idea is found in Jewish sources – Rabbinic Judaism recognizes the twenty-four books of the Masoretic Text, commonly called the Hebrew Bible. Evidence suggests that the process of canonization occurred between 200 BC and AD 50, while the formation of the Christian Canon was not until the fir st and second centuries. These canonical books have been developed through debate and agreement by the religious authorities of their respective faiths.During the first and second centuries, there was not a Canon of Scripture set down as it is today; originally the information was passed by oral tradition, until they were written down as it became clearer that eye witnesses would all grow old and pass away. Firstly, it was the four Synoptic Gospels, and then around 85 AD, Paul’s letters were collected. However at this stage there was no sense of a Canon of Scripture, which is a closed list (which is books that cannot be added or removed).Marcion of Sinope was the first well-known heretic in the history of the early church, and he was the first Christian leader in recorded history to propose and delineate a canon (about 140 AD) which included 10 epistles from St. Paul as well as parts of the Gospel of Luke which today is known as the Gospel of Marcion – he famously atta cked the Gospel of Luke with a penknife, and left only the parts he agreed with. This dividing of the books was viewed as a heresy, and so the church felt they had to organize the books in the right way to defend Christianity.In the first and second century, the early church accepted the Hebrew canon of Scripture as authoritative, and this was an influence on the formation of the New Testament canon. The church felt that because they regularly read the Old Testament within worship, they needed to make a link to the teachings of Jesus and the Apostles. Surely these were authoritative enough to be included? Indeed, the teaching of Jesus was respected as much as the Old Testament, the Apostles writings too, especially after their death. Gradually, the term ‘Scriptures’ was used to group these books together.In 153 AD, Justin Martyr confirmed that the Gospels were read in the services in Rome, along with the Old Testament prophets, â€Å"†¦ the memoirs of the Apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits†¦ †. The main criterion to be included in the canon was apostolicity, and to gain this the books had to be written by or ‘sponsored’ by an Apostle, contain Christ-honoring content compatible with oral tradition and contain spiritually fruitful use of the books within the church from the Apostolic age onwards.Firstly, Paul’s letters were brought together at the end of the first century, and then the four synoptic gospels were added fifty years later. However John’s gospel took longer to be accepted, particularly by the Gnostics and then the Montanists. Papias, the Bishop of Hierapolis in 130 AD, witnessed the Apostolic credentials of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, and near the end of the second century, Irenaeus spoke of the apostolic origins of all four when he said, â€Å"Matthew published his gospel among the Hebrews in their own tongue†¦Mark, the disciple and interpret er of Peter, himself handed down to us in writing the substance of Peter’s preaching. Luke, the follower of Paul, set down in a book the gospel preached by his teacher. Then John, the disciple of the Lord, who also leaned on his breast, himself produced his gospel†. In 200 AD, a canon list from this period was created and is now known as the Muratorian canon. It includes all the books accepted as Scripture by the Church at Rome, which includes the gospels, Acts, thirteen of Paul’s epistles, 1st and 2nd John, Jude and Revelation.Wright says, â€Å"Hebrews is missing altogether which is surprising since it was used by Clement of Rome a century earlier. † However he explains how it was not accepted in the West, probably due to doubts about who wrote it were brought forth by Montanist use. At this period, it was generally accepted that all New Testament books were included, except James, 2nd Peter, 2nd and 3rd John, Jude, Hebrews and Revelation (which was only partially excluded, as its apostolic origins were questioned).Within the third and fourth century, the position of the canon was strengthened. Apostolic Fathers, such as Tertullian, Clement and Origen all used the New Testament scriptures regularly in doctrinal discussion, and often commented on the books themselves. Eusebius tells us that the only books still disputed at the beginning of the fourth century were James, 2nd Peter, 2nd and 3rd John and Jude. â€Å"†¦ we must set in the first place the Holy quaternoin of the Gospels; which are followed by the book the Acts of the Apostles.After this, we must reckon the epistles of Paul; following which we must pronounce genuine the extant forms epistle of John, and likewise the epistle of Peter. After these we must place, if it really seems right, the Apocalypse of John†¦ there is the extant the epistle of James, and that of Jude; and the second epistle of Peter; and the second and third of John†¦ † However not e verybody agreed with the New Testament Canon – in the late second century, there was the production of several ‘acts’ of the Apostles which were not recorded in Acts.Furthermore, a number of ‘gospels’ appeared which included the childhood of Jesus, or the life of Pilate. However these were mainly imaginative and some originated from fringe Christian groups’ ideas, such as Docetists. However Irenaeus ruled out the possibility of there being more than four gospels by saying, â€Å"since†¦ there are four zones of the world in which we live, and four principal winds†¦ it is fitting that she (she church) should have four pillars, breathing incorruption on every side and vivifying men afresh. These ‘gospels’ included the gospels of Peter, Thomas and Matthias, and the Acts of Andrew and John. Eusebius said of the spurious writings, â€Å"none of these has been deemed worthy of any kind of mention in a treatise by a single mem ber of successive generations of churchmen; and the character of the style is also far removed from the apostolic manner, and the thought and purport of their contents is so absolutely out of the harmony with true orthodoxy as to establish the fact that they are certainly the forgeries of heretics†¦ To conclude, it is easy to see how the New Testament Canon developed over a period of four centuries. The canon list set out in detail in the Easter letter of Athanasius in 367 AD contains the 27 books to the exclusion of all others, however certain books such as Shepherd of Hermas and the Didache were permitted for private reading. Thus, while there was a good measure of debate in the Early Church over the New Testament canon, the major writings were accepted by almost all Christians by the middle of the third century.

World Literature Essay

World Literature Essay In The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, Yukio Mishima portrays the intense and progressive development of his central character, Noboru, with the onset of adolescence. While the story takes place, particularly revolving around the interactions between Fusako and Ryuji as a couple, Noboru begins to embrace his adolescent nature and finds his own path in life. Adopting a lifestyle of â€Å"objectivity†, (49) the personal and external conflicts of Noboru’s life often question whether his indifference towards the world is reasonable (57).In his text, the author’s treatment of Noboru’s transformation can be examined on the basis of maturation, social conventions, and psychological factors in the deficiency of family dynamics. Maturity in life as well as in this novel plays a huge part in the development of character. As humans encounter the changes from a child to an adult, the period of adolescence is always one that cannot be fo rgotten. Rebellious nature and â€Å"phases† of lifestyle often occur which drives the youth to commit irrational actions.Thirteen-year-old boy Noboru has reached a milestone in his life where he faces challenges and additions to his life. Growing up under his mother’s wing due to his father passing away years ago, he has grown indifferent towards the world and is convinced of his own genius which firmly mounts his principles (Mishima 8). Building onto his development as a young adult, curiosity begins to implore Noboru to do the unthinkable in instances such as peeping through a hole that reveals his mother’s room (Mishima 10).Witnessing affairs such as sexual intercourse between his mother and Ryuji, the once idealized sailor becomes a traitor to Noboru thus disregarding everything he made the sailor out to be. As described by the chief, maturity is defined as perversion. This constant â€Å"betrayal† affects Noboru negatively and gives him no other opt ion but to continue believing in objectivity as his prime source of logic that won’t let him down. With a shift in mentality such as this, it’s not hard to accept the fact that his step towards maturity is one that’s corrupted (Mishima 181).Besides natural phases and instinctive processes taking effective positions in Noboru’s development, his frequent gatherings with his â€Å"cult† are responsible for his quiet but violent nature. Social conventions with the gang and him alter his personality throughout the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Noboru begins to describe the life of an â€Å"objectionist†, one who denies subjective reality, especially in perspective of adults, simply dismissing them as spurious and elusive (Mishima 8). With his belief in objectivity, he begins to experience life in a different hue.For example, the slaughtering of the innocent cat as a test of willpower (Mishima 61) serves as a crucial point in that novel th at offers a revelation to Noboru: â€Å"I can do anything, no matter how awful. † A realization such as this leads into bigger events in the novel such as the luring of Ryuji into his doom (Mishima 169). In doing so Noboru grows heartless, savage, and reconfirms his indifference towards the world. Psychology in this novel is possibly the biggest factor revolving around character development in The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea.From Ryuji’s transformation from a sailor to a father in the Summer and Winter parts of the novel to Fusako being a single mother turned married wife, it’s no doubt that Noboru changed as well. In the premise of the novel, Noboru is introduced as a thirteen-year-old boy living under a roof supported by his mother who owns a luxury boutique store. With his father passing away five years ago, Noboru has grown up only under his mother’s influence (Mishima 8). Lacking the male figure that usually guides the boy, the struggle f or â€Å"happiness† in Noboru has led to his acceptance of objectivity in place of it.With no father figure present during his childhood, Mishima presents this as the foundation for Noboru’s ulterior motives later on in the plot. The deficiency of family dynamics is stark within this novel. With no authority being put upon Noboru, it allows him to be irrational and wild. However, since he is a self-proclaimed genius, his freedom is spent in silence that later transitions into his ulterior motives. With the introduction of Second Mate Ryuji Tsukazaki into the life of the Kuroda family, it catalyzes character development.Fusako, Noboru’s mother, begins to rekindle her love life and later on marries Ryuji. Noboru on the other hand, idealizes Tsukazaki as liberal, masculine, disciplined, and without weak effeminate characteristics. With praise to Ryuji as his new â€Å"male figure†, it psychologically develops a sense of attachment and appreciation for him. S uch instances occurred when Ryuji came back from his duties at sea and brought back a present for Noboru. Typically, the boy would be indifferent towards such a generous act given his nature but he responded in a sense of excitement (Mishima 102).With emotions conflicting inside Noboru, it develops a feeling of acceptance and reformats the family dynamics within the Kuroda household (Mishima 144). Ryuji, however, begins to grow soft due to newly being a father. This course of action labels him as a â€Å"fallen hero† among Noboru and his gang. With a brutal discussion about fathers such as â€Å"fathers are evil itself, laden with everything ugly in Man†, it presents the idea of â€Å"making Ryuji a hero again (Mishima 136). † A meeting like this with the cult of objectionists alters Noboru’s mentality further on into the novel.With a final betrayal from Ryuji due to the sailor acting in a fatherly manner, Noboru confirms that his once praised hero is hop eless (Mishima 158). This last test of redemption that fails leads to the disappointment in Noboru, following up with the chief’s plan to make Ryuji a hero again. The psychological factors at play constantly reshape within Noboru. With each â€Å"betrayal† from Ryuji, Noboru mentally notes them and his anger builds up within. When it finally reaches a maximum limit, Noboru’s objectionist philosophy is put into full initiative.The life of the once heroic sailor is ended with an ironic finale (Mishima 181). In a gist, Noboru Kuroda’s transformation throughout the novel has simply been abominable. From the premise of innocence to the macabre product of what he has become, the thirteen-year-old boy could not be blamed for his actions. Through being put in the onset of maturity while struggling with his social conventions as well as the ongoing psychological factors regarding his deficiency in family dynamics; the corruption of Noboru in his coming of age is w ell described by Mishima in his novel.Yukio’s usage of death as being â€Å"perfect† (Mishima 61) provides an eerie atmosphere for the reader as his central character deals with the ire provided by his life. Brilliantly composed, Mishima’s psychological analysis in The Sailor who fell from Grace with The Sea is one that is terrifically splendid. Works Cited Mishima, Yukio. The Sailor who fell from Grace with the Sea. New York City: Vintage Books, 1965. Print.

Heroes in Literature Essays

Heroes in Literature Essays Heroes in Literature Essay Heroes in Literature Essay Heroes in Literature BY mana05136 Who is your hero? It could be a firefighter, a police officer, even a celebrity; but what makes a hero? What is a hero? A hero is someone who would give up everything to save or protect people around him. After reading the myth The Orphan Boy and the Elk Dog I saw an actual hero come from, literally, the bottom of the pack. The character rose up from the bottom, to the top for himself and his people. In The Orphan Boy and the Elk Dog, the main character, Long Arrow was deaf. He had no family, except for his sister who was adopted by another Indian tribe. No one wanted Long Arrow since he was deaf and couldnt speak. His tribe moved from place to place, always wanting to leave Long Arrow behind and one day they did leave him. Long Arrow ran after them as quick as he could and liquid came out of his ears bringing his hearing back. After he arrived at his tribe he was adopted by the chief. After a while, Long Arrow wanted to honor his adoptive grandfather by bringing he rare and unknown Elk Dogs. He went on a long Journey to find them, returned back with a herd of them and redeemed his grandfathers honor. Long Arrow didnt do this for glory; he did this for the love of his grandfather. After he did this deed, everyone looked up to him as a hero. You see; you dont have to have supernatural powers or a long cape to be a hero. This young man became a hero to save his family honor and show he was meant to be there in that tribe. Long Arrow was the tribes hero. My hero would be my mom. Yes everyone says their mom is their hero, but my mom has gone through a lot. She went through many obstacles in her life; a pregnancy at a young age, an abusive husband, and having to face her mothers disagreements on her life. Through all of this she has kept her head high and survived the brutal years of her life. Her friends would be out partying while she stayed home and changed diapers. Her friends finished school; she was trying to pay for her daughters school. My mom tries her very best o give me everything she never had. Although we have many disagreements, at the end of the day she was the person that gave me life. Im very grateful for that. Can anyone be a hero? Anyone can be a hero even without tights and a cape. Our definitions of heroes are very different. I believe that a hero is someone who is courageous, can admit they did wrong, and they can always get right back up after they failed miserably. A homeless man could be the hero who Just saved a girl from getting hit by a car. What do you think?

Symbols and Special Characters in Microsoft Word

Symbols and Special Characters in Microsoft Word Symbols and Special Characters in Microsoft Word Your average keyboard has enough letters, numbers, and punctuation marks for all your day-to-day typing needs. But what if you need symbols or special characters that aren’t on your keyboard? Well, in Microsoft Word, you have three main options: Use the Symbol menu. Learn some ASCII codes. Use Microsoft Word’s special character shortcuts. In the rest of this post, we’ll look at how to do each of these in your writing. 1. Using the Symbol Menu To see the Symbol menu in Microsoft Word, go to Insert Symbols on the ribbon and click the Symbol button (or Insert Advanced Symbol Symbols in the menu system in Word for Mac). Quick access symbols. This will open a quick access menu of 20 frequently used symbols to pick from. However, you can also access the full range of special characters in Microsoft Word as follows: Go to Insert Symbols and click Symbol to open the menu. Click More Symbols†¦ to open a new window. Scroll through until you find the symbol you want to use. Click Insert to add the symbol to your document. The full range of special characters in Microsoft Word. The symbol will then appear in your document at your cursor. Microsoft Word will also add it to the quick access menu, saving your time if you need to use the same symbol again. 2. ASCII Codes ASCII codes each indicate a different symbol, so you can use them to add special characters to a document quickly via the numeric keypad: Learn or look up the correct ASCII code for the symbol(s) you need. Turn on Num Lock on your keyboard to activate the numeric keypad. Hold down the Alt key and type the required code. The corresponding symbol will then appear at your cursor position. 3. Shortcuts for Special Characters For some special characters, your simplest option is to let Microsoft Word do the hard work! There are, for example, shortcuts available for the following common symbols: Special Character Shortcut Autocorrect Option Trademark symbol (â„ ¢) Ctrl + Alt + T Write â€Å"TM† in parentheses Registered trademark symbol ( ®) Ctrl + Alt + R â€Å"R† in parentheses Copyright symbol ( ©) Ctrl + Alt + C â€Å"C† in parentheses Closed Ellipsis (†¦) Ctrl + Alt + . Three full stops without spaces Euro (â‚ ¬) Ctrl + Alt + E â€Å"E† in parentheses You’ll notice we’ve included an â€Å"autocorrect† version for each symbol above. In these cases, Microsoft Word will automatically correct the specified text to create the symbol. For example, to add a trademark symbol to a document, we have two options: Hold down Ctrl + Alt + T at the same time. Write â€Å"(TM)† and let Microsoft Word change this to the symbol. These shortcuts are very quick and simple, so it is worth memorizing them if you use any of these symbols frequently. Similar shortcuts are also available for accented letters.

The Powerful Praetor Roman Magistrate

The Powerful Praetor Roman Magistrate A praetor was one of the greater Roman magistrates with imperium or legal power. They led armies, presided in law courts, and administered the law. Judging matters between citizens was the job of one specific magistrate, the praetor urbanus (city praetor). Since he was in charge of the city, he was only allowed to leave the city for a period of up to 10 days. For matters outside Rome, the praetor peregrinus settled cases among foreigners. Over the years, they added additional praetors to handle matters in the provinces, but originally, there were two praetors. Two more were added in 227 B.C. when Rome annexed Sicily and Sardinia; then, two more were added for Hispania (Spain) in 197 B.C. Later, Sulla and Julius Caesar added even more praetors. Responsibilities A costly responsibility for the praetor was the production of the public games. Running for praetor was part of the cursus honorum. The rank of praetor was second only to the position of consul. Like the consuls, praetors were entitled to sit on the honored sella curulis, the folding curule chair, traditionally made of ivory. Like the other magistracies, a praetor was a member of the senate. Just as there were proconsuls for the period after their year as consuls, so there were also propraetors. Propraetors and proconsuls served as governors of provinces after their terms in office. Roman Magistrates With Imperium Examples: Let the praetor be judge of the law in private actions, with power of passing sentence-he is the proper guardian of civil jurisprudence. Let him have as many colleagues, of equal power, as the senate think necessary, and the commons allow him.Let two magistrates be invested with sovereign authority, and be entitled praetors, judges, or consuls, in respect of presiding, judging, or counselling, according to the nature of the case. Let them have absolute authority over the army, for the safety of the people is the supreme law. This magistracy should not be determined in less than ten years-regulating the duration by the annual law.Cicero De Leg.III Before Sulla added functions, the praetor presided in cases of quaestiones perpetuae, the cases of: repetundaeambitus, majestaspeculatus Sulla added falsum, de sicariis et veneficis, and de parricidis. About half of the candidates for praetor during the last generation of the Republic came from consular families, according to Erich S. Gruen, in The Last Generation of the Roman Republic. The praetor Urbanus P. Licinius Varus fixed the date of the Ludi Apollinaris.

Postmodernism and Andy Warhol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Postmodernism and Andy Warhol - Essay Example The essay "Postmodernism and Andy Warhol" analyzes postmodernism and Andy Warhol. Andy Warhol began to revolutionize his artistic stance as well, transforming from a plain commercial illustrator to a world-class artist that he has been known for. The last decades towards the end of the twentieth century saw a great increase in the mass consumption of goods and services, starting from the post-war 1950’s to the 1970’s. This ushered in a new period generally dubbed as the postmodern era. Postmodernism draws its ideals from a set of critical and strategic practices utilizing forms and concepts such as difference, repetition, and hyper reality to undermine other concepts such as presence, identity, historical progress, and the univocity of meaning. The term was first used to exemplify the experimental movements in architecture, the western arts, and cultural development at large. This highlights the shift within society, from individuals as producers to individuals as consu mers. Postmodernists argue that there is no such thing as certainty, and thus, stress is sited on the significance of individualism. It is noted that with the advent of new technologies and media in the last decades of the 20th century, â€Å"the death of emotions† had facilitated a culture that is based on fragmented subjectivity. It is in this revolution of capitalist culture that Andy Warhol had founded his art on. His artworks were based on the absorption of images in its own, thus, the replica is not seen as indifferent to the reference.

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example There has been drastic increase in the online shopping all over the world due to several reasons. Owing to the increasing online buying and shopping trends it has become important to analyse and evaluate consumer behaviour of the online shoppers along with the buying and purchase decision process of these online buyers. This in turn will allow the marketers to come up with effective and efficient strategies to attract this particular subculture. The aim of this study would be to analyse the consumer buying behaviour of the online shoppers and the factors that lead to such behaviour. In order to evaluate the buying behaviour of the online shoppers, consumer choice would be evaluated in particular. This will help in identifying the influence of consumer choice on the buying behaviour of online shoppers and buyers. In addition, the buying behaviour of the consumers in the online shopping industry will also be assessed along with the factors that lead to such modern shopping means. SUBCU LTURES OF CONSUMPTION AND CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR Different researchers have defined consumer behaviour as the activities performed by individuals or groups that eventually lead to decisions or actions (Pachauri, 2002). The decisions that are made by individuals or groups include purchase, use and disposal of goods and services (Desmond, 2003). On the other hand, the concept of consumer behaviour is defined as the particular way in which an individual acts when consuming or disposing products (O’Dougherty, Haynes, Davies & O’Connor, 2007). Solomon (1995) describes consumer buying behaviour as a process aimed to satisfy the needs and wants of the consumer due to which the consumer makes certain decisions associated with the selection, purchase, use and disposal of products, services and experience. The concept of consumer behaviour is quite vast as each individual in the society and community has a unique behaviour according to which the person acts. The aim behind su ch actions and decisions made by the individuals or groups is to satisfy the needs and wants which could be done with the selection, purchase and disposal of the products and services (Schiffman, Kanuk, and Hansen, 2011). With advancement in technology, consumers are constantly changing their buying behaviour. This can be observed when the consumer shifted from the traditional buying methods to more modern online buying (Solomon, Bamossy, Askegaard, and Hogg, 2010). In order to identify the consumer buying behaviour, stimulus-behaviour model and buying process model are frequently used (Evans, Jamal, and Foxall, 2009). The stimulus-behaviour model proposed that internal and external stimuli play an essential role in influencing buyer’s behaviour. Marketing mix (i.e. product, price, place and promotion) and external model (i.e. economic, technological, political and cultural stimuli) can influence the consumer’s buying decision in terms of product, brand, time and amoun t. On the other hand, the buying process model includes 5 core steps taken by the individual to satisfy the needs and wants (Blackwell, Miniard, and Engel, 2006). The steps include recognition of need, information search, and alternative available in the market, purchasing and post-purchase decisions (Hawkins & Mothersbaugh, 2009). The steps involved in the consumer purchase or buying process are given in the image below: (Neal, Quester, & Hawkins, 2004) These theories of consumer buying b

Educational theory, trends, and perspectives Annotated Bibliography

Educational theory, trends, and perspectives - Annotated Bibliography Example The book targets multilingual students and teachers providing them with a diverse approach to education. Due to the current global travels, personalities need to be conversant with a variety of languages. As opposed to one local language in most learning approaches, the book contributes a lot to severalty in languages. Cognitive education, theories and applications through and explanation of the concepts surrounding them are looked at. The enhancement of these theories and their application to a classroom situation are expounded. The target audience for the book is practicing psychologists, students’ psychologists, and consultants. The book is relevant in providing psychology skills and shows the applications of these skills in education. Psychology perceived to be a complex subject is extensively simplified in the book. The book revolves around expounding the complex and extensive vernacular language in todays world. The book employs theory to explain these issues in a number of approaches. Through the theories, researchers interested in studying how several vernacular languages came about derive a lot of benefits. Languages exist in millions all over the world and an approach to find out about how they came to exist is a tall order. The book gives a whole different view to the notion. The book by Baker highlights the roles played by education policy in the development of education and the society. The book targets policy makers in governments and institutions of higher learning. It reiterates the critical role that education policy plays in developing education. The book further highlights that support clear decisions and resources are mandatory for such policies to work. Through good foundations by way of policy formulation and implementation, the challenges in the education sector are this of the past. The book by Becker introduces non specialists and the economic practices they use in handling Education practices. The ideas in

Crown Cork Summary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crown Cork Summary - Research Paper Example The Crown Cork was established in 1892. The founder of the Crown Cork is William Painter. The company took the right turn towards success back in 1892, when the founder of the company came up with a new and much better way of packing beer and other soft drinks than the ways that were in practice in those years. The company first invented a cap for the bottle of SuperEnd beverage. The vision introduced by Painter brought an altogether change and revolution in the industry of bottling. Six years after its establishment, in 1898, Painter introduced the syruper-crowner into the industry, that was the first ever foot powered machine. The machine increased the efficiency of the bottle filling and capping system manifolds. Using it, an operator was able to fill and cap as many as 24 bottles in just one minute. Business flourished a lot as Painter sold more and more crowning equipment. The retailers appreciated the innovative bottle filling and capping device. Since then, many other products have been developed by this company. Although the company took a wonderful start with the popularity of its bottle packaging method, yet Crown Cork was genuinely fortunate to have excellent leaders one after another throughout its tenure since 1892.

Policy-making in the Federal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Policy-making in the Federal System - Essay Example The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, popularly known as Obamacare, was signed into law by President Obama in March 23, 2010 and is considered to be a major overhaul in the U.S healthcare since 1965. This paper explores how Obamacare works, the program’s pros and cons, if it is achieving its objectives and federalism issues raised by the program. Summary of the History of Obamacare The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was introduced as a bill in 2009 during 111th Congress session and passed on November 7, 2009. John Dingell of Michigan, who was also the House Dean, sponsored the bill. President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act (ACA) into law on March 31, 2010 (Tate, 2012). The ACA is aimed expanding insurance access to approximately 32 million uninsured Americans, emphasizing prevention and wellness, increasing consumer protections, improving quality and system performance, increasing the workforce in health care and curbing escalating cost of health ca re in the United States (Tate, 2012). The individual mandate, which is a major component of the ACA, is perceived by many to be unconstitutional. The individual mandate of the ACA â€Å"requires millions of Americans to purchase health insurance from a private company for the rest of their lives or face annual penalties† (Sekulow, 2012, Para 10). ... The Constitution of the United States protects the liberty of the citizens (Benedict, 2006). Historically, the ACA presents the very first incident where the U.S Congress mandated American citizens to buy a private company product. According to Sekulow (2012), under the Commerce Clause, the Congress has no jurisdiction to compel any individual to purchase any product from a private company. Therefore, the mandated ACA has raised issues of â€Å"federalism† because the provisions of the Act are deemed unconstitutional. The Main Pros and Cons of Obamacare Despite the fact that the Obamacare has been under intense criticism, it comes with numerous benefits, particularly for low and middle income earners. However, it also has some cons, but these should not be the cause for its rejection as it was purely made out of good intent for Americans. Pros of Obamacare Increased accessibility to affordable health care insurance to millions of uninsured Americans More than half of uninsured individuals will obtain free or low cost health insurance via state Health Insurance Marketplace. Expansion of CHIP to cover a maximum of 9 million children Expansion of Medicaid to 15.9 million females, males and children who are 138 percent below poverty line Small businesses stand the chance benefit from tax credits of up to 50 percent of health insurance costs on their employees Obamacare curbs high cost of health care Cons of Obamacare Making insurance available and affordable to millions of uninsured individuals involves increase in taxes, especially for high-income earners. Individual mandate demands that every American must obtain health coverage by January 2014. The expansion of Medicaid is done using Federal

Crown Cork Summary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crown Cork Summary - Research Paper Example The Crown Cork was established in 1892. The founder of the Crown Cork is William Painter. The company took the right turn towards success back in 1892, when the founder of the company came up with a new and much better way of packing beer and other soft drinks than the ways that were in practice in those years. The company first invented a cap for the bottle of SuperEnd beverage. The vision introduced by Painter brought an altogether change and revolution in the industry of bottling. Six years after its establishment, in 1898, Painter introduced the syruper-crowner into the industry, that was the first ever foot powered machine. The machine increased the efficiency of the bottle filling and capping system manifolds. Using it, an operator was able to fill and cap as many as 24 bottles in just one minute. Business flourished a lot as Painter sold more and more crowning equipment. The retailers appreciated the innovative bottle filling and capping device. Since then, many other products have been developed by this company. Although the company took a wonderful start with the popularity of its bottle packaging method, yet Crown Cork was genuinely fortunate to have excellent leaders one after another throughout its tenure since 1892.

Product Portfolio Analysis of Heinz Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Product Portfolio Analysis of Heinz - Case Study Example The BCG growth-share matrix displays the positions of business units on graph of the market growth rate against their market share relative to competitors. Of all the products launched by Heinz between 2003 and 2006, sauces, dressings and condiments took the largest share, of 25.5%. However, ready meals also took a sizeable share of 20.9%. Other categories that been key to the company's new product developments include canned food (13.1%) and fruit and vegetable products (9.2%). Of all the products launched between 2003 and 2006, 1.5% products were classed as innovative. When looking at innovation within Heinz, the company is most innovative in meat, fish and poultry products with 6.1% of all meat products launched by the company, innovative (Datamonitor Inc., 2007). Additionally, from the information that is available about the business units of the company, it can be stated that the Tinned Pasta and Retail Brown sauce business units were the most profitable with a revenue generation of 78.2 and 74% respectively. From this information, according to the BCG Matrix, these two units can be termed as Stars. Secondly, the Retail Ketchup and Baked Beans divisions were other two divisions which generated considerable revenues. Baby food and drink products are another area in which Heinz is a leading innovator. 3.1% of all baby products launched were classed as innovative. One of the most impo... The company also increased its focus on the consumer with a strong spotlight on health and wellness. Apart from these, the company also increased investment in marketing for future growth, greater R & D and impressive productivity measures (Merrett, 2007). Heinz's international growth strategy of acquiring new companies in the Netherlands, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Costa Rica also have been of great help to the company's growth and improved performance. The company also launched growth and reorganization plans to focus on Meal Enhancers and Meals & Snacks. The historic transaction with Del Monte Foods is designed to make Heinz a more focused company able to invest more effectively in its strongest brands (Heinz). Heinz intends to build growth and value over the long term through a strategy based on certain imperatives like expansion and improved consumer price-value, remove the clutter by reducing the complexity of Heinz's business processes and continuing to focus resources on those products and activities that maximize profitability; Task 1 - C Pricing Strategies & Porter's Five forces Pricing again also played its part in the company's overall performance as changes in pricing and improved volumes, through key brands like weight watchers and Heinz baked beans, were offset by difficulties in Russia for its non-Heinz products and unbranded frozen foods. By maintaining the key initiatives of the yearof pushing both innovation and the number of its brands globally, Heinz believes that it can continue the strong performance into the 2008 fiscal year. The company was also keen in squeezing out costs to deliver the margin improvements necessary to underwrite greater marketing investment. The effective formulation

Tracing the Stars Essay Example for Free

Tracing the Stars Essay I. Introduction One of the biggest global brands in history is Converse, which stands for a casual and sports-oriented lifestyle popular among the young, and often with specific subcultures. Of its several lines, arguably the most recognized is the Chuck Taylor All-Stars or Chucks, which are combination canvas and rubber sneakers. First produced in 1917, these were originally known simply as the â€Å"All Star† until they were modified and endorsed by Chuck Taylor—one of the biggest basketball players of the time. To this day, the shoes carry Taylor’s signature and go by his name. Currently, the brand is no longer an entity on its own as Converse had been bought by Nike in 2003—thereby resulting in several physical and noticeable changes in the original design and make—yet is still a symbol of youth, vibrancy, and active lifestyle. II. From Basketball to Popular Culture The 1950s marked a landmark episode in the Chucks’ history as it made the successful shift from being exclusive to basketball to becoming part of American consciousness. The appeal of the shoes’ casual and affordable nature made it a status symbol for American teenagers, particularly when Hollywood actor James Dean made the white version part of his t-shirt-and-jeans image. Musicians ranging from rockers in the 1960s to 1980s punk rock artists emulated Dean’s choice, and started wearing Chucks as their uniform—particularly those in black canvas. Because of this growing popularity, Converse decided to add more colors and styles to the Chucks line. Currently, Chucks are still the shoes of choice of many young artists and celebrities; pop musician Avril Lavigne and actress Reese Witherspoon are just some of the personalities who prefer wearing the sneakers—with a particular preference of Lavigne for black ones—which echo the choices of legendary 1970s punk rocker Joey Ramone, who was never seen without a pair of well-worn black Chucks. Fashion designers and models have also been noted as being fans of the sneakers, owing to the rock-and-roll persona alluded to by a classic or trendy pair. III. Chucks in Sports In the midst of the shoes’ popularity among the younger set, Converse stayed true to its original intent for Chucks; during the decades of the 1960s and 70s, its move to add more colors to its classic line was also evident in the basketball industry. While this was not always met with complete approval by the athletes who wore them, the new hues definitely created yet another trend among the sport’s fans. However, the 1980s came and with it arrived the obsession for technology and new materials. The brands of Adidas, Reebok, and Pony arrived to take much of Converse’s basketball shoe business, and the inimitable Nike sealed the deal by having its basketball shoes endorsed by then-rookie Michael Jordan. This caused the decline of the Chucks brand in the sport, and by 1988 they were no longer the staple basketball shoes of serious athletes. Most of them now opted for the leather make and quality offered by other brands, which gave better support compared to the canvas body of the All-Stars. IV. Nike and Controversies Nike bought the brand in 2003, and immediately modified some of the signature details of Chucks—form material to design. The company enjoys a wildly popular following to this day, and is apparent in the use of high-profile athletes as endorsers in its multimillion-dollar advertising campaigns. But the reputation of Nike as a supporter of sweatshops set up in developing countries goes against the established image of Chucks associated with punk and left-wing ideologies—thereby forcing former Chucks patrons to shift to any of several Chucks imitations that are not produced through this kind of arrangement. V. Stepping Forward In a Pair of Chucks The enduring fame and existence of Chuck Taylor All-Stars is as permanent and unchanging as its classic design; materials may be altered, a few details may be added—but the concept remains the same. The future of Chucks may still be seen in the realm of the youth culture, through a role of greater relevance to the rest of the world. Using recyclable materials to produce a pair of Chucks may be one of the directions best for the brand, considering its tried-and-tested design principles. Environmental awareness should now be the focal point of the young and vibrant lifestyle it represents, which will also negate any bad impressions regarding its association with controversial Nike work processes. The time is right for Chucks to assume an image both traditional and innovative, without resorting to technology-related improvements. Ecology, rather than technology, is most apt for Chucks as it celebrates its hundredth anniversary this year, and as it represents the kind of mindset that has made it the shoe of choice of millions worldwide.

Dawn Bread Company Analysis

Dawn Bread Company Analysis Company Profile Dawn Bread Dawn Bread is amongst the leading bakers of the world, and are committed to constantly upgrading quality, health standards and nutritional values. Dawn Bread have brought one of the worlds most technologically advanced baking units to Pakistan and the use of quality ingredients and an advanced production process ensure that its consumers have purchased a fresh and wholesome product of world class standard. Dawn Breada name that has come to signify quality and freshness in bread products. A success story that was written by a family that is committed to honest to goodness enterprise and concerned with the prosperity of the country. The enterprise, which made a humble beginning in late 1981, has, within a decade, grown to capture 35% of the consolidated market share of all bread products in the country, a fact that speaks volumes about the credibility of the company and its products. Prior to the establishment of Dawn Bread, the largest producer of bread products was the public sector. However, this sector could not cope with the demands of the consumer and this when, perceiving a change in the eating habits of Pakistanis, Dawn Bread was envisioned. Beginning with the plant in Karachi, commissioned in October 1981, Dawn Bread built-up a reputation for freshness, quality and taste. Creating awareness plus a demand for bread products, the second plant was commissioned in Islamabad in January 1985. Nothing succeeds like success, so next came the plant in Hyderabad in January 1987, a year that was to also witness the establishment of another plant at Lahore, in November 1987. In 1989 we established the plant at Multan. After consolidating this expansion, the sixth plant was commissioned at Faisalabad in February 1992. Now our customers can find Dawns quality and freshness from the southern tip of Pakistan to the Northern city of Peshawar. For purpose of standardization, the company associated itself with FMBRA of United Kingdom in 1990 to bring itself in line with international standards of production, technology, machinery and formulation Now, all theDawn Breadplants boast of the latest machinery used in the bread-making process. They are managed by senior food technologists with decades of experience, while those manning the machinery are provided on the job training in congenial working conditions. Taking a responsible place in society, the company is committed to the uplift and development of the society as a whole, and participates in sports and social welfare activities. Products of Dawn Bread Dawn Bread is amongst the leading bakers of the Pakistan, and is committed to constantly upgrading quality, health standards and nutritional values. Dawn Bread have brought one of the worlds most technologically advanced baking units to Pakistan and the use of quality ingredients and an advanced production process ensure that its consumers have purchased a fresh and wholesome product of world class standard. Dawn Bread has good range of products mainly categorized into Breads, Buns, Sweets, Frozen and other. Following is the description of products of Dawn Bread: Breads Product Description Multigrain Dawns Multigrain bread brings you Natures Best in a perfectly soft, grainy and textured loaf . Baked from a special combination of imported grains, full of natural flavor aroma, this premium bread is a perfect companion to any meal, snack, sandwich or just by itself. Fresh Wholesome Goodness for the whole family to enjoy! Bran Bread Dawns Bran Bread freshly baked for health conscious customers. This bread contributes towards the daily intake of fiber to help maintain the right balanced diet. Milky Bread Made by the addition of milk, this oven fresh aromatic bread is made so that each slice contains the richest of texture and gives that extra taste. Plain White Bread This freshly baked and nutritious bread was one of the first products to be introduced in the Pakistani market by Dawn Bread. Fortified Bread Freshly baked and wholesome, this bread contributes to the recommended daily intake of essential nutrients that form a major component of a healthy and balanced diet. Made from the finest ingredients, this multi purpose bread can be used for breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks or whenever, with whatever you like. Buns Product Description Hot Dog Buns Hot Dog Buns are growing in popularity by the day. Baked using the strictest of quality standards, our tasty product is made to be the freshest hot dog bun available in the Pakistani market. Fruity Buns An all time favorite breakfast alternative commonly known as Maska Bun, our Fruit bun still carries that distinct taste perfected by Dawn. Served with a luxuriant layer of butter or just by itself, the taste of this sweet treat will not let you down. Burger Buns Our Oven fresh buns are a treat by themselves. Baked by using only the very finest of ingredients, and perfected by years of experience in the baking field, these aromatic buns make the perfect burgers. We also take pride in the fact that we are the official bakers in Pakistan for the largest fast food chain in the world Sweets Product Description Strawberry Vanila Cake Strawberry Vanila flavored cakes made with only the best of ingredients. These little delights are simply a must have, good things do come in small packages. Short Cake Sometime called Ship Cake, is best choice for tea parties and snacks. One of the most popular products of Dawn Bread in Cake category. Pineapple Cake Cup Shaped cake flavored with pineapple and with only the best of ingredients. Mango Cake Mango Cake is tasty cup shaped cake full of mango flavor, best in all seasons. Fresh and likeable product of Dawn Bread Cup Cake Simple tasty cup shaped cakes made with only the best of ingredients. Frozen Product Description DAWN PARATHA FROZEN PARATHA PREPARED ON PLANT In line with Dawns philosophy of continues innovation, we are proud to be the first to introduce DAWNs PARATHA. Our paratha provides the best of both worlds, giving the same home cooked tasted while providing the most convenient preparation method possible. Other Product Description DAWN RUSK The first packaged crispy rusks to be made available in the Pakistani market. Made under hygienic conditions and packaged to retain their freshness and taste. Try our rusk with tea or coffee today. Export Products of Dawn Bread Dawn Bread also has number of export food products under category of Frozen Dough of different type with tag name Mezban. Dawn Bread amongst the leading bakers of the world, and are committed to constantly upgrading quality, health standards and nutritional values. Dawn Bread use of quality ingredients and an advanced production process ensure that its consumers have purchased a fresh and wholesome product of world class standard. Export Products and Description Aloo Paratha Griddle-fried Potato stuffed flat breads are called Aloo Parathas The stuffing is made with mouth watering exotic potatos prepared with different herbs and spices. For a simple, rich indulgence eat it plain or top a freshly made hot parantha with a dollop of whipped butter or mint chutney. Enjoy! Sheermal Sheermal is a sweet flat bread baked in clay ovens which gives it a unique aroma and texture.It can be eaten plain or with any curry of your choice. Enjoy! Puri Puri is a thin flat bread which after deep frying turns into a crispy golden brown bread. Puri can be served with pickles, spicy potato and chickpee curry or any other meal of your choice Enjoy! Chatpata Mix Vegetable Samosa Mix vegetable samosa is a traditional Pakistani savory pastry stuffed with spicy vegetables.This aromatic appetizer is a perfect harmony of flavor and texture. Stuffed with Potatoes, Peas, Cauliflower,Coriander and a wonderful mix of spices, these samosas are an exotic finger food choice for any occasion. Chatpata Potato Samosa Potato samosa is a traditional Pakistani savory pastry stuffed with spicy mashed potatoes. This aromatic appetizer is a perfect harmony of flavor and texture. Stuffed with potatos, Onions and wonderful spices, these samosas are an exotic finger food choice for any occasion. Chai Paratha Capture the spirit and essence of the Peshawari Chai Paratha as made by Pathan dhabas (cafà ©s) all over. This regional delicacy has been prepared as per the original recipe using only the very finest of ingredients to give you an authentic mouthwatering experience. The original aroma and taste! Takes only minutes to serve!!! Whole Wheat Paratha Regular consumption of fiber is associated with risk reduction of coronary heart disease. In general, soluble fiber (of which oats are a good source) is the dietary fiber most linked to a reduction of cholesterol levels. Dawns Whole Wheat Paratha is prepared with the finest of whole wheat flour, oat bran and margarine to give you the same great tasting paratha, but better suited to a healthy lifestyle. Roghni Kulcha The Kulcha is a traditional unleavened whole wheat bread baked in a clay tandoor (Oven). The distinct smoky flavour of the Kulcha is the result of the moisture dripping onto the hot charcoal in a traditional tandoor. The Naan is pressed against the sides of the pot with the use of a small pillow and is cooked by conducted heat. Incidentally, the familiar tear shape of Naan bread comes from the dough dripping down the sides of the tandoor. Good with any dish bring the tandoor to your table today. Tandoori Roti Tandoori Roti all time best choice for dinner and lunch. Tafan Frozen Taftan product of Dawn Bread with all best ingredients for traditional lunch and dinner. Dawn Bread Product Ingredient Chart Sheet Dawn Bread use quality ingredients and an advanced production process to ensure that its consumers have purchased a fresh and wholesome product of world class standard. Dawn Bread Product Distribution Network in Pakistan Dawn groupsdistribution network comprises of over two hundred company owned vehicles in a distribution system spread all over Pakistan. On a daily basis, Dawn Bread distributes its goods to over a 10,000 retail outlets. This makes Dawn Bread one of the largest distribution networks for any product in Pakistan. Dawn Bread distribute in almost all the major metropolitan areas, secondary metropolitan areas as well as the rural parts of the country. Dawn Bread network has been in the business of touching each of our 10,000 retail customers on a daily basis for the past twenty years. Distribution Network of Dawn Bread in Pakistan can be studied by dividing it into five parts based on its five plants in Pakistan at Karachi, Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Lahore and Rawalpindi in Sindh and Punjab province of Pakistan, respectively as shown in diagram. Plant-wise Distribution Areas of Dawn Bread Dawn Bread Export Product Distribution Network Dawn Bread exports its quality products to different countries of the world namely Alaska, Canada, United States of America, Norway, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Netherlands, Germany, South Africa, Saudia Arabia, Japan as shown in below diagram of Dawn Bread world wide distribution network. In United States of America, distribution network future break down into distribution areas as follow  · Washington  · Oregon  · Idaho  · Nevada  · California  · Texas  · Oklahoma  · Illinois  · Wisconsin  · Michigan  · Indiana  · Ohio  · Virginia  · New York  · Massachusetts  · Connecticut  · New Jersey . Maryland

China Essay -- essays research papers

The World is forever in debt to China for its innovations. Ancient China was extreme advance and many of its discoveries are still in use today. This is what Robert Temple, the author of The Genius of China 3000 years of science, discovery and invention. The book is based on 11 main parts of Chinese innovation. Within these 11 categories, there are 3 main parts that contain the most significant inventions. Robert Temple concentrates the bulk of his examples in these three categories, agriculture, domestic and industrial technology , and engineering. Temple’s examples were not limited to these fields of innovation. The Chinese excelled in many other areas, including mathematics, warfare and transportation, to name a few. Although Temple wrote about eleven fields of invention, I feel that these three sections contain the greatest examples of Chinese innovation, and the debt that the modern world owes China.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first main area is the field of engineering. Within this chapter, the development of iron and steel is the greatest achievement. The development of iron and steel led to other advances. By at least the 4th century the Chinese have developed blast furnaces to obtain cast iron from iron ore. This was 1200 years before the first blast furnace showed up in Europe. The reasons that the author gave to explain the reasons why the Chinese developed this technology are simple. The Chinese had access to large amounts of clay, the key ingredient in making blast furnaces. The Chinese also figured out that by adding a substance they called :Black Earth,† they could lower the melting point of iron.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another major invention of the Chinese, that led to other achievements, is steel. The common belief today is that Henry Bessemer discovered the process of refining iron into steel. The fact is Chinese had developed the process to refine iron into steel in the second century BC The Chinese learned that by injecting oxygen into the blast furnace, they could remove the carbon from the iron. The Chinese called this process the â€Å"hundred refinings method† since they repeated the process that many times. The finished product was highly prized in China for its strength and ability to hold an edge on a sword. The Chinese would weld the steel onto weaker iron thus creating a strong edge and a su... ...gh the process has been refined. The suspension bridge, invented by the Chinese in the first century AD, is still the bridge of choice when one has to span a great distance. The greatest area of Chinese invention is in agriculture. The Chinese excelled in farming, not only did they discover the seed drill, they discovered row farming that is still used today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I would recommend this book with one wants to read about the past glory of China and the huge potentional of the future. It gave in-depth views into each Chinese invention, while not over doing the techical explaination. The Author is clear and concise on his point, the modern world is in debt to the Chinese. He gave many examples of Chinese invoation, and how the rest of the world copied the Chinese. Not did the rest of the world copy Chinese inventions, they claimed that they were the first to invent it. The author opened my eyes to the greatness of anicent China. What the author, Robert Temple, did do gave me even more reason to respect China. The Genius of China 3000 years of Science, discovery, and invention By Robert Temple Book report by Mike Leung 600-82-1189

Psychoanalytical Reading at Roald Dahl Short Stories Essay

Psychoanalytical Reading Psychoanalysis is a theory that was found by psychologist and neurologist in the 19th century who came from Austria, Siegmund Freud. As a psychologist, in dealing his patients, Sigmund Freud always give questions and analyze every problem that they face, so he then get a lot of bright spots which states that personal experiences that they experienced as a child, have an impact in influencing the personality of a person when they was growing up. Based on that statement is then also can be concluded that the events of the past or a person’s life experience can affect their psychological condition, and consequently impact on the activities that will performed by the patient in the future. The statement above is one of the applications of the theory of psychoanalysis to the psychology of someone who is discovered by Freud. This case was also found in one of the famous writer on the Victorian era, Roald Dahl. The story of a childhood that passed by him regarded as a trigger of ideas for Dahl in composing children stories that are very well known until this time, such as Matilda, George’s Marvelous Medicine, The Witches, Charlie and The Chocolate Factory, and some of his work that is quite popular. Roald Dahl was born in Llandaff, Wales, on September 13, 1916. He was born from a family to a Norwegian. He was the son of the second wife of his father, Harald Dahl, and is the only son in the family. In his works, Roald Dahl describes his parents as being strong or as parents is very great. In the book Boy: Tales of Childhood, in telling that his father figure was superb, although his father lost his left hand, he is very adept at writing diaries, sculpt, and gardening. Dahl’s father died when he was 3 years old. Since his father’s death, the figure of a mother became the savior of their families. In her memoirs, recounted that Dahl has a very close relationship to his mother. For Dahl, his mother is someone who has the strength, which is responsible and very caring towards his family and his children. For example, the character of Grandmother in the story of The Witches is a picture of Roald Dahl’s mother. Dahl considers that the figure of the mother  is ver y valuable for them and can provide a convenience. The chosen short story that used by the writer in this essay is Boy: Tales of Childhood, which is one of the works of Roald Dahl that tells about the life of his childhood. This short story may be said to be the autobiography of Roald Dahl, but in the book Boy: Tales of Childhood, Dahl explains that this book is not an autobiography of him, but just a story about memories of his live gone through as a child, starting a story about his father, Harald Dahl, a tremendous diary-writer, the birth of a Roald Dahl, to the story of his school years until he left school at the age of 20. In this critical essay, the writer will criticize Boy: Tales of Childhood (1984), a story that tells about the early life of Dahl. Theory analysis used by the writer is the theory of psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud and utilizes the issues of the psychology of Dahl and the effect of his authorship. Writing can absolutely reflect the author’s psychological problem, or basically, his/her biggest desire or fear. It is explained in the quotation below that in a piece of writing, we can search for: Evidence of unresolved emotions, psychological conflicts, guilts, ambivalences, and so forth within what may well be a disunified literary work. The author’s own childhood traumas, family life, sexual conflicts, fixations, and such will be traceable within the behavior of the characters in the literary work. But psychological material will be expressed indirectly, disguised, or encoded (as in dreams) through principles such as â€Å"symbolism† (the repressed object represented in disguise), â€Å"condensation† (several thoughts or persons represented in a single image), and â€Å"displacement† (anxiety located onto another image by means of association). (Delahoyde 2011) Therefore, Boy: Tales of Childhood can be a basic source to find an issue from his unconscious. Based on that case, the writer raised issues about the state of psychology and experiences faced by Dahl when he was still sitting in school at the age of 7-18 years and the impact to the his authorship of children’s literature. The specific issue is about bully since the book  tells about it and later, I find that issue occurs in some other books by Dahl. During his childhood, Dahl was including as a resilient and strong kid, because in every level of education that he went through, from elementary, junior high, and high school, Dahl had always found himself bullied by people who are more mature than Dahl, such as seniors or boazers, matron, the hallway guard, and headmaster. Began when he attended Llandaff Cathedral School, where he was once punished by the headmaster, Dahl had to get strokes with a cane on his ass for what he did because Dahl is known to have tricked a woman selling sweets and candy in the they town, because the seller, Mrs. Pratchett, never show politeness and unfriendly to kids and costumers. Then, while attending St. Peter School when he was 9 years old, he also received harsh treatment from the guards/matron, masters, and the headmaster. One act of bullying that he got was when the school Latin teacher, Captain Hardcastle, Dahl accused of cheating while working on a writing assignment, but by Dahl was borrow his pen to a friend who broke his side. Because of allegations that, Dahl back should feel to get stroke with a cane on his ass AGAIN! The last, when he entered a public school in Derbyshire, Paxton, Dahl also harassment, insult and mockery, from the masters. The same ritual is contained in the boazers schools and principals als o punish students with strokes with a cane, but fortunately the same experience gained by Dahl had previously made ​​him cautious in every action that he did. It could be said in this case, past events or experiences that ever passed by Dahl when his school years were filled with unpleasant actions of the school officials, it could be a strong reason for the figure of a Dahl to write the story works containing about rudeness, or which is now better known as Bullying by adults or people who have a higher authority on children. In the two works which Dahl wrote, Matilda (1992) and George’s Marvelous Medicine (1981), we can see that the theme of both of these stories is  bullying, where the two characters in the works, Matilda and George had felt the bullying from people who are more mature than them both. Matilda always received harsh treatment from both the parents and her headmaster, and George have always had nagging and scolding of the grandmother who is not like him. In both of story above, Dahl used his childhood experiences in school to raise an issue, bullying and anti-bullying. It was concluded that Dahl wants to tell and invite readers, especially young readers, to be able to resist the actions of bullies from the other people. In conclusion, the writier end up using psychoanalytic theory of evidence that Roald Dahl uses his life experiences, especially when he was a child to adolescence as a matter of helping him find his ideas in writing his works. Thus, the state of a person’s psychology, personal experiences, is it good or bad experiences, can affect the activities to be gone through in the future, and sure enough, Dahl uses his school experience which can be considered extremely unpleasant and other matters as the originator the presence of the works he wrote. REFERENCES Dahl, Roald (1984). Boy: Tales of Childhood. Penguin Book Ltd: London Minderop, Albertine (2010). Psikologi Sastra: Karya Sastra, Metode, Teori, dan Contoh Kasus. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia: Jakarta Abrams, M.H (1999). A Glossary of Literary Term: Seventh Edition. Hcnle & Heinle: United State of America

Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities

All men are created equally. Having disabilities does not constitute having different rights. But this is not usually the case. In the article entitled, Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities, the experiences in school of students with disabilities is tackled and what positive actions could and should be done in order to provide these teens the rightful treatment they deserve. The theme of the article is to emphasize the importance of equality and unity despite the differences in capabilities. It is an article that should be highly considered by students with disabilities, teachers and school counselors involved in programs for the well-being of all students, and other students who have direct encounter with fellow schoolmates that have disabilities. Students with disabilities often face discrimination and challenges because of the biasness people have towards them. As a result, they could easily internalize negative attitudes, affecting their behavior towards other people. The article educates people, especially teachers and counselors, to help by creating programs that would encourage people to help in providing a positive environment for students with disabilities to participate in. The article does not state that special treatments are what students with disabilities need. What is more important is that they are given equal chances and the right amount of respect they deserve. Bullying and other forms of negative biasness should be eradicated from the school system in order for the disabled students to grow well in a fair and just community. The article agrees with the Scripture as it highlights giving equal opportunities and respect for all people, no matter what background they may have. The ministry should also help encourage school administrators to intervene and promote positive school experiences for the disabled. Programs that emphasize on respect, equality, and understanding should dominate the school rules.

How Is Evil Portrayed In Macbeth

In this essay I shall be looking at the way evil is portrayed in Shakespeares play, Macbeth. I will be concentrating on the characters in the play that contribute to the evil themes of the play. It is clear from the start of the play that the witches are the main source of evil. The witches have an enormous effect on the play, not only are they evil, but this is emphasised by the strong feelings against witches and witchcraft in Elizabethan times. Convicted witches were regularly tortured and even executed. Most people believed in witches and there was little opposition against this persecution. This was not helped by the fact hat the king, James 1 was also interested in this superstition, often, he interrogated the accused himself. It is clear from the start of the play that the witches play a key role. The first scene is the witches planning to meet Macbeth. The setting of this scene is very important; they meet on a moor in thunder and lightning. These surroundings portray an evil image; the moor is a very lonely, barren and bleak place, while thunder and lightning associate with evil. So even at the beginning of the play one of the themes is known. The witches language includes rhyming couplets that contradict each other and are very powerful. Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air This quote tells us about the witches hatred for all things good, and their love for things that are evil. Shakespeare adds rhyme and rhythm to the witches language to emphasise their evilness. The second part of this quote adds to their image of being witches and would have created tension among Elizabethan audiences. The image of old women with cats and the ability to fly would have shocked an audience. The first meeting between Macbeth and the witches is significant as they make two predictions to Macbeth, Hail to thee hane of Cawdor and perhaps more significantly, That shalt be king hereafter. These proclamations astound Macbeth due to their sudden nature. The witches lure Macbeth into a false sense of security. The witches manipulate Macbeth and when he tells Lady Macbeth of the predictions, an evil plan is conceived. Ive done the deed. This deed is the worst possible crime, kingship; Macbeth has murdered king Duncan in cold blood. Macbeth, the brave warrior at the beginning of the play has been driven by his ambition to be king. However, the source of this evil deed may not have come from Macbeth himself. Look like the innocent flower, But be the serpent undert. Lady Macbeth plants the seed of murdering king Duncan in Macbeths mind. The language Shakespeare uses here is significant, the flower is associated with beauty and goodness while the snake is associated with evil. The association with a snake would have been especially strong because in the bible the serpent is seen as an evil being. These comparisons to bible characters would also have shocked Elizabethan audiences, as they believed in heaven and hell. Perhaps the most famous scene in Macbeth concerns the witches and especially their language. Liver of blaspheming Jew, Finger of birth-strangled babe. These disgusting images are the ingredients of the witches spell. The language used shows the exploitation of innocence and vulnerability by the witches and this links in with the theme of the desire to bring all good things to evil. The imagery conjured up in the casts is one of pure evil. In the same scene the witches manipulate Macbeth by using three apparitions. The second of these apparitions lulls Macbeth into a false sense of security. Then live, Macduff: what need I fear of thee. The apparition, which is a bloody child, tells Macbeth of his fortune, For none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. Shakespeare uses Dramatic Irony as these words confuse Macbeth. It is apparent from these words that Macbeth would feel invincible and that no man could harm him. However, Macbeth fails to see the contradiction between this and the first apparition. This is because Macbeth is unaware of Macduffs birth; he was born after his mother had died. It is only at the end of the play that Macbeth finally discovers his fate. After being told that Macduff had been, Untimely ripped from his mothers womb, describes the witches as Juggling Fiends. Macbeth is accusing the witches of deliberately juggling their words so that he could not understand them. This is a brilliant quote as Macbeth has just realised his life is in ruins, but the audience knew this earlier. The witches have changed Macbeth from a brave warrior to an evil, murderous, traitor. By the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes. This quote is significant as it illustrates the change in Macbeth throughout the play, now even the witches consider Macbeth to be evil. However, when looking at the path of destruction that Macbeth has left ehind him it isnt very surprising. Just one man driven by his ambition to be king has led to a chain reaction of murders Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and desires! From this quote we can see Macbeths true feelings towards king Duncan. It tells us that no one will see the murder due to the darkness and lack of light. His dark intentions have imagery due the blackness of the night and evil desires and intentions of Macbeth. The murder of his once best friend, Banquo leads to Lady Macbeth going mad. The brains behind the relationship who conceived the plan of murdering ing Duncan which started the chaos of the whole play eventually commits suicide as she couldnt handle the guilt. Heres the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. This is a significant quote as although Lady Macbeth did not kill king Duncan it was her idea, and it could be argued that Macbeth wouldnt have murdered king Duncan without the influence of Lady Macbeth. The fear of the Scottish people is shown in a conversation between Donalbain and Malcolm. Theres daggers in mens smiles. This metaphor describes how Donalbain feels he can rust nobody and that everyone is putting on disguises; underneath the smiling faces is hatred and evil. The imagery conjures up pictures of the innocent and pleasant man on the outside but on the inside he is a traitor and a murderer. The quote portrays the scenes of anarchy and chaos in Scotland. In conclusion I think it is clear the witches mostly portray evil in Macbeth. Not only are the witches evil themselves but their evilness spreads to other characters throughout the play. I think there is little doubt that without the influence of the witches, Macbeth wouldnt have murdered king Duncan.

Managing People 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing People 2 - Essay Example In addition, flexible working reduces stress level, which increases the productivity of an employee. Many companies big and small are also increasingly adopting flexible working schedules. This is because research has showed that flexible working increases workers productivity thus revenue. Therefore, since the main aim of a company is to increase productivity of workers so as to generate high profits, none would want to be left behind. In this regard, Regus (2012, p.3) reveals that about 80% of small companies report working more flexibly than before. At the same time, Regus (2012, p.3) found out that 68% of large businesses today provide flexible working to their employees. It was also found out that about 72% of international businesses reported having realized increased productivity as a result of flexible working. However, in all cases, Ragus (2012, p.3) reveals that about 68% of businesses reported that flexible working has increased staff productivity. About 63% of companies s urveyed indicated that flexible working increased their workers energy and motivation level pointing that flexible working is principal talent-retention technique. Research also indicates that about 51% of companies intend to employee more freelancers in the future (Ragus 2012, p.3). At the same time, about 80% of companies interviewed believe that there is a likelihood of an increase in the number of employees willing to work part-time, which points at an increasing demand for an environment that allows for flexible working. There are a number of companies in the U.K. that have embraced flexible working practices. BT (formerly British Telecommunications) is one such company in London that provides flexible working environment. BT is one of the largest Information technology and telecommunication companies in the U.K. Since the U.K. government legislated a law to improve flexible working, BT has embraced the practice in totality. The flexible working of BT is based on a number of pr inciples regarding service delivery, recruitment, and motivation. BT acknowledges the fact that many workers have the responsibility of taking care of others such as the elderly, children, the disabled, and the sick. The company also recognizes the fact that, with UK’s aging population, such demand is likely to increase, which will also increase competition for workers throughout the U.K. As a result, many candidates will likely be looking at what employers offering terms of flexible working in deciding on the company to work for (Eurofound 2009). As a result, BT has introduced a number of flexible working practices, which includes compressed time, job-sharing, accrual hours, annualized hours, flexitime, limited working, time out, teleworking and freedom to work. BT reports having reaped a lot of benefits from such a working practice. In this regard, BT reports that flexibility has increased the motivation level of its employees, which has in turn increased their productivity . As a result, the company has been able to register increased profits than ever before (Eurofound 2009). British American Tobacco (BAT) is also another big company in the U.K. that provides flexibility of work. In this regard, BAT allows for part-time and flexible working hours for its employees. Like, BT, Bat also provide leave for its workers to enable them attend to other

Give a full critical account of the Copenhagen criteria. Consider, in Essay

Give a full critical account of the Copenhagen criteria. Consider, in particular, whether they might create double standards as some commentators have suggested - Essay Example Examination shows that the constitutional predicament of this enlargement causes the danger of double standards, as concealed methods are deemed to be used in order to protect the selectiveness of the EU. In order to have membership to the European Union, Member States and their institutions must expand on approaches that can manage the transaction connecting deeper integration between Member States and widening to include new candidate countries. Therefore, the debate is whether the European Union is providing generosity or has amplified these double standards [2]. The criteria developed at Copenhagen European Council (1993) requires that a country has to have the capacity to maintain democratic governance and human rights, have a working market economy, and be able to recognize and agree to the requirements and objectives of the European Union. Many of these fundamentals have been explained over the course of the last fifteen years by legislation of the European Commission, the European Council and the European Parliament, in addition to European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice [3]. In spite of the dissimilarity among the old Member States of the European Union, the fifth enlargement was foreseeable as a new integrated Europe would not be able to limit itself to only Western Europe [4]. Therefore, the enlargement of the European Union can be seen as an amalgamated and incorporated development of Europe after the end of the Cold War, as the countries which were formerly linked to the Soviet Union or the Warsaw pact are now independent European countries, and also democratic, with a substantive market economy, and after working towards implementing membership criteria declared by the Copenhagen European Council in 1993, are able to join the European Union [2]. Therefore, the stipulations for membership of the European Union

Methods of Identifying and Preventing SQL Attacks Research Paper

Methods of Identifying and Preventing SQL Attacks - Research Paper Example The other sections cover the preventive methods, where the methods are also discussed with an illustration using diagrams. Keywords: SQLIA, WebSSARI, WAVE, AMNESIA, SQL DOM, tautology Introduction There are numerous web applications used by various companies and organizations in order to provide services to users, such as online banking and shopping, hence establishing a need to develop a database. These web applications contain confidential information such as the customer’s financial records, thus making these applications frequent targets for attackers. The attack to the SQL is referred to as the SQL injection, which gives attackers unauthorized access to the databases of underlying Web applications (Huang, Yu, Hang, and Tsai 148). Therefore, these attackers are able to leak, modify and delete information which is stored on these databases, thus resulting in problems for the organization. In this case, the paper will discuss issues related to detection and prevention of SQL attacks. Commercial and governmental institutions are the common victims of SQL injection attacks (SQLIAs) due to insufficiency in the input validation. In fact, these cases occur when Web application receives a user input, thus using it for building a database query without ample validation, hence creating a chance for an attacker to utilize the vulnerability. The vulnerability of the databases to SQL injections has been regarded as the most serious threat for a Web application (Wassermann and Su, 78). This creates a form of vulnerability to SQL injection, thus allowing the attacker to have accessibility to the underlying databases, and it results in security violations since the information in these databases is sensitive. The implications of SQL injections are issues such as loss of credentials, theft, and fraud, and in other cases, the attackers are able to use the vulnerability to acquire control and corrupt the system hosting the Web application. The diagram illustrates an SQ L injection, whereby an attacker uses a client through the firewall into the web application where access to SQL server is achieved and sensitive application data is disclosed. Methods of Identifying SQL Attacks Numerous methods can be applied in detecting SQL injection attacks, and one of them is the Intrusion Detection System (IDS), which is based on a machine learning technique and application of a set of distinctive application queries. Moreover, this technique relates to a model of distinctive queries and a function of monitoring application at runtime in order to identify the queries that are not matching the model (Pietraszek and Vanden 2). Therefore, this makes the system have the ability to detect attacks effectively, though there are basic demerits of learning based techniques since they do not offer a guarantee concerning the detection abilities. In fact, the detection abilities are dependent on the quality of the training set applied; thus, a poor training set can result in the generation of large numbers of false positive and negative by the learning technique (Valeur, Mutz, and Vigna 40). The diagram shows the locations of the Intrusion Detection System (IDS), whereby there are two sensors located at both sides of the firewall in order to detect any intrusion from the Internet before and after penetrating the firewall.  

Effects of Employee Self-Evaluation Research Paper

Effects of Employee Self-Evaluation - Research Paper Example According to the report instead of a self-evaluation from the employee, the reporter suggests an open dialogue regarding his employers' determination. Allow the employee to discuss the company's opinion of their job performance. It should be up to the company to provide reasons based on factual observations as to why a raise is or is not deserved.As the paper highlights by removing the self-evaluation element, you allow the company and the employee the opportunity to discuss the decision maker’s assessment of the employee’s value. If clear guidelines for raises are put forth, the employee has no reason to challenge or debate the employers' conclusion. Clear guidelines eliminate thoughts of personal feelings influencing either party’s' assessment. However Goal oriented raises can increase company morale as well as promote team work by giving the workers a map for success. Management evaluations may ease the anxiety of discussing my opinions to my supervisor. Not a ll positions in my department are staffed by people who feel comfortable speaking eloquently enough to promote themselves or their performance.  Things like attendance and punctuality, work load completion and the ability to meet predetermined deadlines. These can be the foundation for salary increase determinations, along with specific department heads creating goals and expectations unique to that particular departments' productivity requirements.

Cloud Computing in Telecommunications Research Paper

Cloud Computing in Telecommunications - Research Paper Example In addition, cloud computing has successfully changed the dimensions of telecommunication (Weiss; Koehler, Kraemer and Anandasivam). In today’s global world where new standards and technologies are offered everyday each and every organization is trying its level best to make use of cloud computing. Additionally, the idea of cloud computing is already adopted in various fields. According to a research, cloud environment will be adopted in a large number of corporations and enterprises in upcoming years. In fact, cloud computing is already been adopted in various sectors such as telecommunication and information technology which resulted in significant growth and profit generation (Phukan). In this way the telecom sector is much energized about the scenario of cloud environment. In addition, the telecom sector will acquire numerous competitive advantages from networking operations along with modern technological aspects. Hence it will become easy for them to play an imperative r ole in the rapid growing world of cloud computing environment (Phukan). Significant Factors We can examine numerous opportunities of cloud environment in telecom corporations with various factors. Therefore, we focus more on those factors that are helpful in making telecommunication an important player in this rising domain. ... The second most important aspect deals with recognizing the future situations on the basis of which telecommunication will establish its position in the marketplace (Koehler, Kraemer and Anandasivam). Major aspects of Cloud Computing There are various aspects of cloud computing which are necessary to make telecom sector more productive. These 3 aspects facilitate customers in reference of cloud environment. This thing includes various critical factors: Software as a Service (SaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Platform as a Ser v ice (PaaS) However, the network service providers might facilitate regarding connectivity related issues in a cloud landscape. In this way a numbers of telecommunication applications will be moved to the infrastructure that meets the criteria of cloud computing environment. But those who will not be able to shift will be delivered as Software as a Service that is usually abbreviated as (SaaS). In this scenario, the adoption of cloud environment in telec omm sector will benefit telecomm corporations and their operators. Thus this advance technological aspect will be helpful in developing vendors’ controlled services; in fact it is beneficial for those clouds operators that do not want to make investment for running their cloud operations (Gabrielsson, Hubertsson and Mas). In addition, the internet protocol (IP) communications along with componentized environment of the software products that are used by telecom sector and service providers is perfect one for cloud environment. As we know that promising technologies of service architectures like IP multimedia subsystems that is abbreviated as (IMS) as well as next generation networks that is abbreviated as (NGN) will facilitate in strengthening their position in

On Dumpster Diving Essay Example for Free

On Dumpster Diving Essay Quite by accident, I found the essay On Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner on the pages of Seagull magazine. The first lines of it captured my interest considerably, for as I had never read about dumpster diving or scavenging before. On Dumpster Diving is a piece of large Eighner’s work called Travels with Lizbeth (1993), which was based on his own experience of homelessness. The author engages me by telling the origin and meaning of the term Dumpster Diver, presenting his survival guide with specified rules and regulations. Dumpster is a trademark of garbage loading onto trucks system. Dumpster diving involves persons voluntarily climbing into rubbish bins (dumpsters) to find valuables or simply useful items, including food and used clothing. Eighner writes that the life of a beggar traveling without any money opened his eyes to the fact that all those containers with waste are real â€Å"supermarkets† for the poor, and they are not only a source of survival, but also a depositary of high-quality and diverse food. Anyhow, there is a risk in eating such findings. According to Eighner’s experience, taking food out of dumpsters should involve three simple principles: â€Å"using the senses and common sense to evaluate the condition of the found materials, knowing the Dumpsters of a given area and checking them regularly, and seeking always to answer the question, â€Å"Why was this discarded?† Narrator advises to avoid such foods as game, poultry, pork, and egg-based meals. Soft drinks testing should be based on their fizzing vigorously. Being a scavenger, one has to notice the least signs of visible contaminates. Notwithstanding the scavenger has no indemnity of self- intoxication. Later on Lars tells about â€Å"a predictable series of stages a person goes through in learning to scavenge,† in which disgust at the beginning gives way to indiscriminate acquiring of the things. The story also includes information about the â€Å"can-divers† and their way of diving featured as unethical and impudent. The plot of it is neither compound nor rich in events and characters. However, it is thought provoking. The author gives us detailed guidance how to survive being a dumpster diver. Reading the essay, I asked myself right along whether it was the only aim of Eighner to teach us those rules. As the story progressed, I picked up the writer’s conception gradually. His essay exemplifies the wasteful nature of American society and implies that it is the result of materialistic values but also ignorance and lack of understanding. People unreasonably throw out even food that is appropriate for using: â€Å"Students throw out many good things including foodthe item was thrown out through carelessness, ignorance, or wastefulness.†(Eighner) The scavenger can acquire â€Å"boom boxes, candles, bedding, toilet paper, medicine, books, a typewriter, a virgin male love doll, change sometimes amounting to many dollars† in the dumpsters. I suppose the purpose of the article is also to show how immoral is to throw out good food and things, knowing that thousands are starving and suffering from poverty. However, exactly that garbage helps him to survive at difficult times. Eighner’s reasoning for why people are materialistic derives from the concept that they are lost and unsure of what they want. In a way, his short essay On Dumpster Diving, suggests to his readers that to achieve the state of satisfaction, they need to know what they want. He states, â€Å"Almost everything I have now has already been cast at least once, proving that what I own is valueless to someone.† The author himself collects only things that are of benefit to him and leaves the rest for the benefit of others. The article shows that the writer being homeless still keeps his intelligent, clever, and sentimental way of thinking. He emphasises the transience of material being and says, â€Å"Once I was the sort of person who invests material objects with sentimental value. Now I no longer have those things, but I have the sentiments yet.†(Eighner) I think, describing all the rules of dumpster diving Lars Eighner represents us the necessity of keeping the etiquette even in adversity. The breakers of that common law are the â€Å"can-divers.† They, as contrasted with the true scavengers, look only for the money there and mix the contents of the dumpster making it more difficult to find the truly good things, the author explains. The worst in can scroungers’ actions is their audacity to go through individual containers in front of peoples homes, something a true diver would never do. Doing that the can diver finds different prescriptions, diaries and things the owner throws out. It is clear that privacy disclosing would embarrass us. Eighner exclaims against private invasion, thus demonstrating his culture and humanism. The last paragraph where Lars compares himself to ultra-wealthy is the most interesting point of the essay, to my mind. The rich people can acquire anything they like and the money does not stand in the way of doing that. The dumpster diver gets the things from dumpsters free too. Author’s analysis is that the truly rich or the truly poor are those who do not want or need. In his comparison, Lars means that he and the super-rich do not need the items the rest of us do. He can just go out and find them. The narrator tries to show the positives of his profession, but does not overlook the negatives as well, following it with the words: â€Å"Dumpster diving has serious drawbacks as a way of life.† The main idea of Lars Eighner in his essay is to assure us that any hopeless situation has its way out. The life goes on even if you meet difficulties†¦ He calls us for keeping our cultural and ethical talents even when being in the lowest state of life. We may not forget that having materialistic values over moral ones destroys and vitiates us from inside. In the unique voice dry, disciplined, poignant, comic- Eighner celebrates the triumph of the artistic spirit in the face of enormous adversity, thus, inspiring me for true respect.