Nursing as Defined by Nightingale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing as Defined by Nightingale - Essay Example Women during my time could not go outright and do what they want. Their role is to marry and manage the household. Sidney Herbert, a man close to my heart, knew of my desire to do something more than just be a wife. He respected my choice and has been my friend ever since. For choosing a different path, I have been called an activist. And, because of this choice I had to live most of my life away from my family. My mother was very vocal that she was against what I was doing. Despite this, I persisted. My commitment to the task was growing as I worked everyday to help people to get well. But commitment and will without preparing oneself for the task would amount to nothing. This is the reason why I used the donations I obtained from the war survivors, soldiers and their families, to open the world’s first school for nurses: The Nightingale School for Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London (Morgan, 1992). It was also at this time that my â€Å"Notes on Nursing† was published. It became popular as a compilation of rules on practical nursing and hygiene (Harmelick, 1969). For me, these notes were not rules, but: â€Å"The following notes are by no means intended as a rule of thought by which nurses can teach themselves to nurse, still less as a manual to teach nurses to nurse. They are meant simply to give hints for thought to women who have personal charge of the health of others.† (Nightingale, 1860) â€Å"It ought to signify the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and administration of diet—all at the least expense of vital power to the patient† (Nightingale, 1860) Basically, the issues that I wanted to answer in this book dealt with: â€Å"the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and administration of diet† (Nightingale, 1860). According to Mr. Selanders these can be combined to form three central

Adolf Hitler Essay Example for Free

Adolf Hitler Essay Adolf Hitler was a notorious dictator over Germany during World War II. Hitler was a unique but complex individual that was heavenly influenced by his upbringing. Hitler became the dictator over Germany during the years of 1933 to 1945. During his dictatorship, Hitler participated in the World War II and was the cause of the Holocaust. The Great Depression provided Hitler with an opportunity to rule. Once Hitler realized the opportunity to overtake Germany, he began to run for fuhrer. Hitler was elected fuherer over Germany in 1933 and began the rise of the Nazi party. When the year of 1935 came around, Hitler had complete power. He started by beginning the Nazi army and separating the Jews from everyone else. The Jews were sent to very brutal concentration camps where they were held hostage and faced with death. At this time the genocide was in full attack. The mass murder of the Holocaust lasted for approximately four brutal years and ended when the American troops invaded Germany and over powered Hitler. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau, Austria, a small town across the Inn river from Germany. (Hoffmanl). Hitler moved to Germany in 1893 and remained there until his death. As Hitler grew up he began to have many feuds within his household. Hitler mainly argued with his father, Alois Hitler. His father did not agree with his interest in art and German nationalism. His interest fueled his evil ways. During Hitlers earlier years as a child his younger brother, Edmund Hitler died. When Edmund died, the family had a falling out and resulted in many problems throughout the family. When Hitler grew up, he moved out of the house and had major money problems. When World War II broke out, Hitler Joined the army and was present in multiple battles. Adolf Hitler pointed out the Jews out of everyone in Germany. Hitler was very active in the German army and participated in World War l. World War I

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Professional Women and Work Related-Stress There are different kinds of diseases in the world. One type of disease does not require medicine because there is no cure for it. As a matter of fact, millions of Americans have this disease and are not aware of it. It is a silent killer; it is called stress. According to The American Heritage Dictionary, stress is defined as the ‘internal distribution of force per unit of area within a body subject to an applied force or system or forces. It is a condition that is described as extreme difficulty, pressure or strain.’Generally speaking, another source titled â€Å"Leaders’ Daily Work Demands, Recovery, and Leadership Behaviors†defines stress this way: ‘a relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well-being.’ Stress is everywhere and there are many types of stress including work stress and work demands. This is an understanding of w hat stress is, the cause of stress and how it can be managed. Some professional women have a lot of work related-stress on their jobs. To start off, I would like to share some facts about stress. The American Institute of Stress states the idea of that Stress was introduced around 1936 by Hans Selye. He had conducted experiments on animals to determine how stress affected them. The results were that stress causes these animals to develop diseases such as heart attacks, stroke and kidney disease. However, there has been confusion about stress because of the correct definition of it. Despite the way people look at stress, it is defined as a physical, mental, and emotional strain and is a condition when a person has experience demands that exceed the per... ...e are some different types of stressors in our jobs such as co-workers and job demands. The co-worker concept could also play a part of their lives because we are living in a world with different personalities. There are some co-workers who are nice, while some are not so nice. What I learn about that is to understand that you are not the problem. Another words, your co-worker could be experiencing some difficult times in his/her life and they don’t know how to deal with them other then make the ones closet to them have a bad time at work. My thinking is this: the best thing to deal with it is to talk to a co-worker along with the boss to take care of that situation. Another thing is choices: which is what can cause stress. It’s safe to say that we choose occupations that we have no interest in. Therefore, we can be responsible for causing stress in our lives.

The Development of New Testament Canon

Describe the development of New Testament Canon in period of time studied (35 marks) The New Testament Canon is described by Princeton Online Dictionary as, â€Å"a collection of books accepted as Holy Scripture – the books of the Bible recognized by any Christian church as genuine and inspired. † Basically the Canon is a selection of books used by the Church for public worship and also the books which the Church acknowledge as inspired scripture normative for faith and practice.The term (the Greek ‘kanon’ means ‘reed’, which went on to mean ‘measuring rod’ and then finally the list written in the column) was coined by Christians, but the idea is found in Jewish sources – Rabbinic Judaism recognizes the twenty-four books of the Masoretic Text, commonly called the Hebrew Bible. Evidence suggests that the process of canonization occurred between 200 BC and AD 50, while the formation of the Christian Canon was not until the fir st and second centuries. These canonical books have been developed through debate and agreement by the religious authorities of their respective faiths.During the first and second centuries, there was not a Canon of Scripture set down as it is today; originally the information was passed by oral tradition, until they were written down as it became clearer that eye witnesses would all grow old and pass away. Firstly, it was the four Synoptic Gospels, and then around 85 AD, Paul’s letters were collected. However at this stage there was no sense of a Canon of Scripture, which is a closed list (which is books that cannot be added or removed).Marcion of Sinope was the first well-known heretic in the history of the early church, and he was the first Christian leader in recorded history to propose and delineate a canon (about 140 AD) which included 10 epistles from St. Paul as well as parts of the Gospel of Luke which today is known as the Gospel of Marcion – he famously atta cked the Gospel of Luke with a penknife, and left only the parts he agreed with. This dividing of the books was viewed as a heresy, and so the church felt they had to organize the books in the right way to defend Christianity.In the first and second century, the early church accepted the Hebrew canon of Scripture as authoritative, and this was an influence on the formation of the New Testament canon. The church felt that because they regularly read the Old Testament within worship, they needed to make a link to the teachings of Jesus and the Apostles. Surely these were authoritative enough to be included? Indeed, the teaching of Jesus was respected as much as the Old Testament, the Apostles writings too, especially after their death. Gradually, the term ‘Scriptures’ was used to group these books together.In 153 AD, Justin Martyr confirmed that the Gospels were read in the services in Rome, along with the Old Testament prophets, â€Å"†¦ the memoirs of the Apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits†¦ †. The main criterion to be included in the canon was apostolicity, and to gain this the books had to be written by or ‘sponsored’ by an Apostle, contain Christ-honoring content compatible with oral tradition and contain spiritually fruitful use of the books within the church from the Apostolic age onwards.Firstly, Paul’s letters were brought together at the end of the first century, and then the four synoptic gospels were added fifty years later. However John’s gospel took longer to be accepted, particularly by the Gnostics and then the Montanists. Papias, the Bishop of Hierapolis in 130 AD, witnessed the Apostolic credentials of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, and near the end of the second century, Irenaeus spoke of the apostolic origins of all four when he said, â€Å"Matthew published his gospel among the Hebrews in their own tongue†¦Mark, the disciple and interpret er of Peter, himself handed down to us in writing the substance of Peter’s preaching. Luke, the follower of Paul, set down in a book the gospel preached by his teacher. Then John, the disciple of the Lord, who also leaned on his breast, himself produced his gospel†. In 200 AD, a canon list from this period was created and is now known as the Muratorian canon. It includes all the books accepted as Scripture by the Church at Rome, which includes the gospels, Acts, thirteen of Paul’s epistles, 1st and 2nd John, Jude and Revelation.Wright says, â€Å"Hebrews is missing altogether which is surprising since it was used by Clement of Rome a century earlier. † However he explains how it was not accepted in the West, probably due to doubts about who wrote it were brought forth by Montanist use. At this period, it was generally accepted that all New Testament books were included, except James, 2nd Peter, 2nd and 3rd John, Jude, Hebrews and Revelation (which was only partially excluded, as its apostolic origins were questioned).Within the third and fourth century, the position of the canon was strengthened. Apostolic Fathers, such as Tertullian, Clement and Origen all used the New Testament scriptures regularly in doctrinal discussion, and often commented on the books themselves. Eusebius tells us that the only books still disputed at the beginning of the fourth century were James, 2nd Peter, 2nd and 3rd John and Jude. â€Å"†¦ we must set in the first place the Holy quaternoin of the Gospels; which are followed by the book the Acts of the Apostles.After this, we must reckon the epistles of Paul; following which we must pronounce genuine the extant forms epistle of John, and likewise the epistle of Peter. After these we must place, if it really seems right, the Apocalypse of John†¦ there is the extant the epistle of James, and that of Jude; and the second epistle of Peter; and the second and third of John†¦ † However not e verybody agreed with the New Testament Canon – in the late second century, there was the production of several ‘acts’ of the Apostles which were not recorded in Acts.Furthermore, a number of ‘gospels’ appeared which included the childhood of Jesus, or the life of Pilate. However these were mainly imaginative and some originated from fringe Christian groups’ ideas, such as Docetists. However Irenaeus ruled out the possibility of there being more than four gospels by saying, â€Å"since†¦ there are four zones of the world in which we live, and four principal winds†¦ it is fitting that she (she church) should have four pillars, breathing incorruption on every side and vivifying men afresh. These ‘gospels’ included the gospels of Peter, Thomas and Matthias, and the Acts of Andrew and John. Eusebius said of the spurious writings, â€Å"none of these has been deemed worthy of any kind of mention in a treatise by a single mem ber of successive generations of churchmen; and the character of the style is also far removed from the apostolic manner, and the thought and purport of their contents is so absolutely out of the harmony with true orthodoxy as to establish the fact that they are certainly the forgeries of heretics†¦ To conclude, it is easy to see how the New Testament Canon developed over a period of four centuries. The canon list set out in detail in the Easter letter of Athanasius in 367 AD contains the 27 books to the exclusion of all others, however certain books such as Shepherd of Hermas and the Didache were permitted for private reading. Thus, while there was a good measure of debate in the Early Church over the New Testament canon, the major writings were accepted by almost all Christians by the middle of the third century.

World Literature Essay

World Literature Essay In The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, Yukio Mishima portrays the intense and progressive development of his central character, Noboru, with the onset of adolescence. While the story takes place, particularly revolving around the interactions between Fusako and Ryuji as a couple, Noboru begins to embrace his adolescent nature and finds his own path in life. Adopting a lifestyle of â€Å"objectivity†, (49) the personal and external conflicts of Noboru’s life often question whether his indifference towards the world is reasonable (57).In his text, the author’s treatment of Noboru’s transformation can be examined on the basis of maturation, social conventions, and psychological factors in the deficiency of family dynamics. Maturity in life as well as in this novel plays a huge part in the development of character. As humans encounter the changes from a child to an adult, the period of adolescence is always one that cannot be fo rgotten. Rebellious nature and â€Å"phases† of lifestyle often occur which drives the youth to commit irrational actions.Thirteen-year-old boy Noboru has reached a milestone in his life where he faces challenges and additions to his life. Growing up under his mother’s wing due to his father passing away years ago, he has grown indifferent towards the world and is convinced of his own genius which firmly mounts his principles (Mishima 8). Building onto his development as a young adult, curiosity begins to implore Noboru to do the unthinkable in instances such as peeping through a hole that reveals his mother’s room (Mishima 10).Witnessing affairs such as sexual intercourse between his mother and Ryuji, the once idealized sailor becomes a traitor to Noboru thus disregarding everything he made the sailor out to be. As described by the chief, maturity is defined as perversion. This constant â€Å"betrayal† affects Noboru negatively and gives him no other opt ion but to continue believing in objectivity as his prime source of logic that won’t let him down. With a shift in mentality such as this, it’s not hard to accept the fact that his step towards maturity is one that’s corrupted (Mishima 181).Besides natural phases and instinctive processes taking effective positions in Noboru’s development, his frequent gatherings with his â€Å"cult† are responsible for his quiet but violent nature. Social conventions with the gang and him alter his personality throughout the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Noboru begins to describe the life of an â€Å"objectionist†, one who denies subjective reality, especially in perspective of adults, simply dismissing them as spurious and elusive (Mishima 8). With his belief in objectivity, he begins to experience life in a different hue.For example, the slaughtering of the innocent cat as a test of willpower (Mishima 61) serves as a crucial point in that novel th at offers a revelation to Noboru: â€Å"I can do anything, no matter how awful. † A realization such as this leads into bigger events in the novel such as the luring of Ryuji into his doom (Mishima 169). In doing so Noboru grows heartless, savage, and reconfirms his indifference towards the world. Psychology in this novel is possibly the biggest factor revolving around character development in The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea.From Ryuji’s transformation from a sailor to a father in the Summer and Winter parts of the novel to Fusako being a single mother turned married wife, it’s no doubt that Noboru changed as well. In the premise of the novel, Noboru is introduced as a thirteen-year-old boy living under a roof supported by his mother who owns a luxury boutique store. With his father passing away five years ago, Noboru has grown up only under his mother’s influence (Mishima 8). Lacking the male figure that usually guides the boy, the struggle f or â€Å"happiness† in Noboru has led to his acceptance of objectivity in place of it.With no father figure present during his childhood, Mishima presents this as the foundation for Noboru’s ulterior motives later on in the plot. The deficiency of family dynamics is stark within this novel. With no authority being put upon Noboru, it allows him to be irrational and wild. However, since he is a self-proclaimed genius, his freedom is spent in silence that later transitions into his ulterior motives. With the introduction of Second Mate Ryuji Tsukazaki into the life of the Kuroda family, it catalyzes character development.Fusako, Noboru’s mother, begins to rekindle her love life and later on marries Ryuji. Noboru on the other hand, idealizes Tsukazaki as liberal, masculine, disciplined, and without weak effeminate characteristics. With praise to Ryuji as his new â€Å"male figure†, it psychologically develops a sense of attachment and appreciation for him. S uch instances occurred when Ryuji came back from his duties at sea and brought back a present for Noboru. Typically, the boy would be indifferent towards such a generous act given his nature but he responded in a sense of excitement (Mishima 102).With emotions conflicting inside Noboru, it develops a feeling of acceptance and reformats the family dynamics within the Kuroda household (Mishima 144). Ryuji, however, begins to grow soft due to newly being a father. This course of action labels him as a â€Å"fallen hero† among Noboru and his gang. With a brutal discussion about fathers such as â€Å"fathers are evil itself, laden with everything ugly in Man†, it presents the idea of â€Å"making Ryuji a hero again (Mishima 136). † A meeting like this with the cult of objectionists alters Noboru’s mentality further on into the novel.With a final betrayal from Ryuji due to the sailor acting in a fatherly manner, Noboru confirms that his once praised hero is hop eless (Mishima 158). This last test of redemption that fails leads to the disappointment in Noboru, following up with the chief’s plan to make Ryuji a hero again. The psychological factors at play constantly reshape within Noboru. With each â€Å"betrayal† from Ryuji, Noboru mentally notes them and his anger builds up within. When it finally reaches a maximum limit, Noboru’s objectionist philosophy is put into full initiative.The life of the once heroic sailor is ended with an ironic finale (Mishima 181). In a gist, Noboru Kuroda’s transformation throughout the novel has simply been abominable. From the premise of innocence to the macabre product of what he has become, the thirteen-year-old boy could not be blamed for his actions. Through being put in the onset of maturity while struggling with his social conventions as well as the ongoing psychological factors regarding his deficiency in family dynamics; the corruption of Noboru in his coming of age is w ell described by Mishima in his novel.Yukio’s usage of death as being â€Å"perfect† (Mishima 61) provides an eerie atmosphere for the reader as his central character deals with the ire provided by his life. Brilliantly composed, Mishima’s psychological analysis in The Sailor who fell from Grace with The Sea is one that is terrifically splendid. Works Cited Mishima, Yukio. The Sailor who fell from Grace with the Sea. New York City: Vintage Books, 1965. Print.

Heroes in Literature Essays

Heroes in Literature Essays Heroes in Literature Essay Heroes in Literature Essay Heroes in Literature BY mana05136 Who is your hero? It could be a firefighter, a police officer, even a celebrity; but what makes a hero? What is a hero? A hero is someone who would give up everything to save or protect people around him. After reading the myth The Orphan Boy and the Elk Dog I saw an actual hero come from, literally, the bottom of the pack. The character rose up from the bottom, to the top for himself and his people. In The Orphan Boy and the Elk Dog, the main character, Long Arrow was deaf. He had no family, except for his sister who was adopted by another Indian tribe. No one wanted Long Arrow since he was deaf and couldnt speak. His tribe moved from place to place, always wanting to leave Long Arrow behind and one day they did leave him. Long Arrow ran after them as quick as he could and liquid came out of his ears bringing his hearing back. After he arrived at his tribe he was adopted by the chief. After a while, Long Arrow wanted to honor his adoptive grandfather by bringing he rare and unknown Elk Dogs. He went on a long Journey to find them, returned back with a herd of them and redeemed his grandfathers honor. Long Arrow didnt do this for glory; he did this for the love of his grandfather. After he did this deed, everyone looked up to him as a hero. You see; you dont have to have supernatural powers or a long cape to be a hero. This young man became a hero to save his family honor and show he was meant to be there in that tribe. Long Arrow was the tribes hero. My hero would be my mom. Yes everyone says their mom is their hero, but my mom has gone through a lot. She went through many obstacles in her life; a pregnancy at a young age, an abusive husband, and having to face her mothers disagreements on her life. Through all of this she has kept her head high and survived the brutal years of her life. Her friends would be out partying while she stayed home and changed diapers. Her friends finished school; she was trying to pay for her daughters school. My mom tries her very best o give me everything she never had. Although we have many disagreements, at the end of the day she was the person that gave me life. Im very grateful for that. Can anyone be a hero? Anyone can be a hero even without tights and a cape. Our definitions of heroes are very different. I believe that a hero is someone who is courageous, can admit they did wrong, and they can always get right back up after they failed miserably. A homeless man could be the hero who Just saved a girl from getting hit by a car. What do you think?

Symbols and Special Characters in Microsoft Word

Symbols and Special Characters in Microsoft Word Symbols and Special Characters in Microsoft Word Your average keyboard has enough letters, numbers, and punctuation marks for all your day-to-day typing needs. But what if you need symbols or special characters that aren’t on your keyboard? Well, in Microsoft Word, you have three main options: Use the Symbol menu. Learn some ASCII codes. Use Microsoft Word’s special character shortcuts. In the rest of this post, we’ll look at how to do each of these in your writing. 1. Using the Symbol Menu To see the Symbol menu in Microsoft Word, go to Insert Symbols on the ribbon and click the Symbol button (or Insert Advanced Symbol Symbols in the menu system in Word for Mac). Quick access symbols. This will open a quick access menu of 20 frequently used symbols to pick from. However, you can also access the full range of special characters in Microsoft Word as follows: Go to Insert Symbols and click Symbol to open the menu. Click More Symbols†¦ to open a new window. Scroll through until you find the symbol you want to use. Click Insert to add the symbol to your document. The full range of special characters in Microsoft Word. The symbol will then appear in your document at your cursor. Microsoft Word will also add it to the quick access menu, saving your time if you need to use the same symbol again. 2. ASCII Codes ASCII codes each indicate a different symbol, so you can use them to add special characters to a document quickly via the numeric keypad: Learn or look up the correct ASCII code for the symbol(s) you need. Turn on Num Lock on your keyboard to activate the numeric keypad. Hold down the Alt key and type the required code. The corresponding symbol will then appear at your cursor position. 3. Shortcuts for Special Characters For some special characters, your simplest option is to let Microsoft Word do the hard work! There are, for example, shortcuts available for the following common symbols: Special Character Shortcut Autocorrect Option Trademark symbol (â„ ¢) Ctrl + Alt + T Write â€Å"TM† in parentheses Registered trademark symbol ( ®) Ctrl + Alt + R â€Å"R† in parentheses Copyright symbol ( ©) Ctrl + Alt + C â€Å"C† in parentheses Closed Ellipsis (†¦) Ctrl + Alt + . Three full stops without spaces Euro (â‚ ¬) Ctrl + Alt + E â€Å"E† in parentheses You’ll notice we’ve included an â€Å"autocorrect† version for each symbol above. In these cases, Microsoft Word will automatically correct the specified text to create the symbol. For example, to add a trademark symbol to a document, we have two options: Hold down Ctrl + Alt + T at the same time. Write â€Å"(TM)† and let Microsoft Word change this to the symbol. These shortcuts are very quick and simple, so it is worth memorizing them if you use any of these symbols frequently. Similar shortcuts are also available for accented letters.